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Discusses the study showing that transcribing RNA polymerase must be anchored to the cell membrane by transcription, translation, and export of the tetA gene and that the cell background must be topA. Analysis of changes in unconstrained supercoiling of plasmid DNA under the circumstances in which leu-500 promoter becomes activated; Materials and methods of study; Results of study; Discussion of results; References.

Reports on the synthetic modification of the Escherichia coli chromosome to enhance biocatalytic conversion of glucose into aromatic chemicals. Biocatalyst selection and percent yield consideration; Metabolite accumulation; End product accumulation; Redesign of chromosome.

The article reports on the study conducted by Paolo Visca and colleagues at the Third University of Rome and the Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases to analyze why the frescoes in the painting "Crypt of the Original Sin" began to turn pink in Matera, Italy. It revealed that classical methods of identifying bacteria can be obtained by growing the microbes in culture. Eventhough they could see the evidence of homogeneous microbial community on the frescoes via scanning electron microscopy, they found that it is nearly impossible to cultivate the bacteria. They used genetic methods such as cloning and RNA sequencing and they found that microbes of unknown species related to Rubrobacter radiotolerans are growing on the painting.