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A rapid and inexpensive method to produce high-resolution liquid metal patterns and electronics on stretchable substrates was introduced. Two liquid-phase gallium-indium (GaIn) alloy patterns, conductive lines, and interdigitated electrodes, were directly written or shadow mask-printed on a prestretched elastomeric substrate surface. Then, the prestretched substrate was released to recover its original length, and thus, electronic patterns simultaneously shrank on it. After these patterns were transferred to another prestretched substrate by the stamp printing method, the patterning resolution was demonstrated to increase by totally 50 times for the two successive stretch-release-shrink operations. Additionally, the resistance of the handwritten liquid metal conductive line traces remained nearly unchanged during the stretching process, which is believed to be feasible for electrical connections in stretchable electronics. The rapid prototyping of a serpentine strain sensor was successfully demonstrated to be highly sensitive and repeatable with a stretching ratio ranging from 0 to 200%. The proposed method paves a new way to fabricate stretchable electronic devices with high patterning resolution., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (Copyright © 2019 American Chemical Society.)

The aim of the present study was to investigate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of water-soluble polysaccharides (RVLWP) and alkali-soluble polysaccharides (RVLAP) from Russula vinosa on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver damage in mice. For the in vitro antioxidant activities, RVLWP and RVLAP exhibited potent 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 1.55 ± 0.04 and 3.37 ± 0.21 mg/mL, respectively), hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity (IC50 = 6.07 ± 0.24 and 9.23 ± 0.54 mg/mL, respectively), lipid peroxidation inhibitory effect (IC50 = 0.52 ± 0.095 and 0.86 ± 0.043 mg/mL, respectively), and moderate reducing power and Fe(2+) chelating activity (IC50 = 1.86 ± 0.0036 and 0.22 ± 0.0057 mg/mL, respectively). Ascorbic acid was employed as the standard antioxidant in the present study. For the in vivo hepatoprotective activity, administration of RVLWP and RVLAP (200 mg/kg) significantly prevented the elevation in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities in acute liver damage induced by CCl4 and suppressed hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) formation. Mice treated with RVLWP and RVLAP demonstrated a better profile of antioxidants with augmented activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the liver. The results suggest that RVLWP and RVLAP protect the liver from CCl4-induced hepatic damage via antioxidant mechanisms.