1. Spirocyclic delta opioid receptor agonists for the treatment of pain: discovery of N,N-diethyl-3-hydroxy-4-(spiro[chromene-2,4'-piperidine]-4-yl) benzamide (ADL5747).
- Author
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Le Bourdonnec B, Windh RT, Leister LK, Zhou QJ, Ajello CW, Gu M, Chu GH, Tuthill PA, Barker WM, Koblish M, Wiant DD, Graczyk TM, Belanger S, Cassel JA, Feschenko MS, Brogdon BL, Smith SA, Derelanko MJ, Kutz S, Little PJ, DeHaven RN, DeHaven-Hudkins DL, and Dolle RE
- Subjects
- Analgesics administration & dosage, Analgesics chemistry, Animals, Benzamides administration & dosage, Benzamides chemistry, Benzopyrans administration & dosage, Benzopyrans chemistry, CHO Cells, Clinical Trials as Topic, Cricetinae, Cricetulus, Crystallography, X-Ray, Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 Inhibitors, Dogs, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Drug Discovery, Ether-A-Go-Go Potassium Channels antagonists & inhibitors, Humans, Hyperalgesia drug therapy, Male, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Spiro Compounds administration & dosage, Spiro Compounds chemistry, Analgesics pharmacology, Analgesics therapeutic use, Benzamides pharmacology, Benzamides therapeutic use, Benzopyrans pharmacology, Benzopyrans therapeutic use, Pain drug therapy, Receptors, Opioid, delta agonists, Spiro Compounds pharmacology, Spiro Compounds therapeutic use
- Abstract
Selective, nonpeptidic delta opioid receptor agonists have been the subject of great interest as potential novel analgesic agents. The discoveries of BW373U86 (1) and SNC80 (2) contributed to the rapid expansion of research in this field. However, poor drug-like properties and low therapeutic indices have prevented clinical evaluation of these agents. Doses of 1 and 2 similar to those required for analgesic activity produce convulsions in rodents and nonhuman primates. Recently, we described a novel series of potent, selective, and orally bioavailable delta opioid receptor agonists. The lead derivative, ADL5859 (4), is currently in phase II proof-of-concept studies for the management of pain. Further structure activity relationship exploration has led to the discovery of ADL5747 (36), which is approximately 50-fold more potent than 4 in an animal model of inflammatory pain. On the basis of its favorable efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetic profile, 36 was selected as a clinical candidate for the treatment of pain.
- Published
- 2009
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