1. Phenolic Elderberry Extracts, Anthocyanins, Procyanidins, and Metabolites Influence Glucose and Fatty Acid Uptake in Human Skeletal Muscle Cells.
- Author
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Ho GT, Kase ET, Wangensteen H, and Barsett H
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Anthocyanins isolation & purification, Biflavonoids isolation & purification, Catechin isolation & purification, Cells, Cultured, Female, Fruit chemistry, Fruit metabolism, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Oculomotor Muscles cytology, Oculomotor Muscles metabolism, Phenols isolation & purification, Plant Extracts isolation & purification, Proanthocyanidins isolation & purification, Sambucus chemistry, Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle metabolism, Young Adult, Anthocyanins metabolism, Biflavonoids metabolism, Catechin metabolism, Fatty Acids metabolism, Glucose metabolism, Muscle Fibers, Skeletal metabolism, Phenols metabolism, Plant Extracts metabolism, Proanthocyanidins metabolism, Sambucus metabolism
- Abstract
Uptake of glucose and fatty acids in skeletal muscle is of interest for type 2 diabetes treatment. The aim was to study glucose and fatty acid uptake in skeletal muscle cells, antioxidant effects, and inhibition of carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes by elderberries. Enhanced glucose and oleic acid uptake in human skeletal muscle cells were observed after treatment with phenolic elderberry extracts, anthocyanins, procyanidins, and their metabolites. The 96% EtOH and the acidified MeOH extracts were highly active. Of the isolated substances, cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-sambubioside showed highest stimulation of uptake. Phloroglucinol aldehyde was most active among the metabolites. Isolated anthocyanins and procyanidins are strong radical scavengers and are good inhibitors of 15-lipoxygenase and moderate inhibitors of xanthine oxidase. As α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors, they are considerably better than the positive control acarbose. The antidiabetic property of elderberry phenolics increases the nutritional value of this plant and indicates potential as functional food against diabetes.
- Published
- 2017
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