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The synthesis and characterization of hexanuclear, octanuclear, and decanuclear manganese metalladiazamacrocycles of a series of pentadentate ligands with systematically controlled beta-branched N-acylsalicylhydrazides and alpha-branched N-acylsalicylhydrazides are reported. The results show that the size and shape of the substituents influence the nuclearity and the features of metalladiazamacrocycles because close contacts are occurring between the N-acyl substituents.

A manganese ion and a ditopic pentadentate ligand were used to self-assemble either an [S.sub.8] symmetrical 48-membered hexadecanuclear or an [S.sub.10] symmetrical 60-memebred icosanuclear manganese metallamacrocycle. The icosanuclear manganese metallamacrocycle was observed to have a remarkable toroidlike shape with a relatively large internal hydrophobic cavity and hence could be considered as a new donut-shaped host to accommodate small organic molecules.

The preparation of discrete metal-organic polyhedra (MOP) with nanosized cavities by combining triangular C3-symmetric facial ligands and a potential hexatopic Cu(II) ion is discussed. Findings reveal that the nitrate anion results in 2-fold interpenetrating MOFs with an augmented primitive 3-D cubic network topology.

The construction of a new chiral pentadecanuclear metallamacrocycle using a pentadentate bridging ligand is described. The cyclic system is found to exhibit a sextuple twisted Mobius topology.

A study reports the synthesis of a new [S.sub.4]-symmetric icosanuclear manganese metalladiazamacrocycle using a pentadentate ligand, N-3-phenyl-trans-2-propenoylsalicylhydrazide ([H.sub.3]L), that has a rigid and bulky terminal N-acyl group. It is found that a 20 cyclic repeat of an -(Mn-N-N)-linkage results in a highly puckered diaza-bridged 60-membered icosanuclear metallamacrocycle.

Suitable designed C3-symmetric facial ligands and C4-symmetric metal ions are used as a general strategy for the preparation of face-driven corner-linked truncated octahedral nanocages. The cavity size and the port size of the cage can be controlled depending on the size of the facial ligands, which offers possibilities of developing suitable nanosized host systems that can accommodate suitable small molecular guests or chiral catalysts.

A detailed study has been done on the rheological properties of sodium oleate based hydrogels that are developed in the presence of organic and inorganic salts. Shear stability of the NaOL gels were found to be a strong function of the salt, alkali, and the fabrication conditions. The addition of alkali to NaOL/KCl hydrogel enhanced the viscoelastic properties, which were observed from static and dynamic rheological tests. The hydrogel is miscible with hydrocarbon and can act as a clean gel during a postfracturing job. The quantitative estimation of migration of NaOL to microemulsion medium during gel break test can be done by Sudan dye solubilization and Methylene blue complexation methods, and the results show that the addition of both KCl and NaOH favors NaOL micelle growth and its partitioning tendency toward the hydrocarbon phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hexanuclear, octanuclear, and decanuclear manganese metalladiazamacrocycles have been prepared by reacting a series of pentadentate ligands, N-acylsalicylhydrazides (N-(3-methylbutanoyl)salicylhydrazide (H33-mbshz), N-(phenylacetyl)salicylhydrazide (H3pashz), N-(3,3-dimethylbutanoyl)salicylhydrazide (H33-dmbshz), N-(2-methylpropanoyl)salicylhydrazide (H32-mpshz), N-((R,S)-2-methylbutanoyl)salicylhydrazide (H3RS-2-mbshz), N-((S)-2-methylbutanoyl)salicylhydrazide (H3S-2-mbshz), and N-(2,2-dimethylpropanoyl)salicylhydrazide (H32-dmpshz)), with manganese(II) acetate tetrahydrate. The self-assembled, supramolecular complexes assume a nearly planar cyclic structure with an -(Mn-N-N)n backbone and measure ∼2.1, ∼2.3, and ∼2.6 nm in outer diameters for n = 6, 8, and 10, respectively. The chiralities of the manganese centers on the metalladiazamacrocycle occur in alternating ⋯ΛΔΛΔ⋯ configurations. While β-branched N-acylsalicylhydrazides (H33-mbshz, H3pashz, H33-dmbshz) with a sterically flexible Cα methylene group yield 18-membered hexanuclear manganese metalladiazamacrocycles of S6 point group symmetry, α-branched N-acylsalicylhydrazides lead to 24-membered octanuclear manganese metalladiazamacrocycles or 30-membered decanuclear manganese metalladiazamacrocycles depending on the size of the N-acyl substituents. The α-branched H32-mpshz ligand with the sterically least demanding isopropyl tail at the N-acyl position yields a 24-membered octanuclear manganese metalladiazamacrocycle of S8 point group symmetry, but other α-branched N-acylsalicylhydrazides such as H3RS-2-mbshz, H3S-2-mbshz, and H32-dmpshz lead to 30-membered decanuclear manganese metalladiazamacrocycles of S10 point group symmetry. The magnetic properties of the metalladiazamacrocycles are characterized by a weak antiferromagnetic exchange interaction, with Jeff = -8.5 to -3.8 K between the Mn3+ ion spins with S = 2 in the cyclic system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the utilization of the C3-symmetric facial ligands and C4-symmetric metal ions for the preparation of truncated octahedral nanocages. The curvature needed for truncation at the octahedral vertices was accomplished using ligands with a tilted pyridyl group and a nitrogen donor atom. The nanocages have 12 ports at the edges of the truncated octahedron.

Either an S 8 symmetrical 48-membered hexadecanuclear or an S 10 symmetrical 60-membered icosanuclear manganese metallamacrocycle was self-assembled using a manganese ion and a ditopic pentadentate ligand. This was either N-4-phenylbenzoylsalicylhydrazide (H 3pbshz) containing a rigid rod-shaped, bulky biphenyl residue as a terminal N-acyl group or N-3,3-diphenylpropionylsalicylhydrazide (H 3dppshz) containing a flexible beta-branched N-acyl group, but with two sterically bulky phenyl residues at the Cbeta position. The backbone of these metal-organic assemblies is a repeating unit consisting of a -[Mn-N-N-] link that extends to complete either the 48-membered cyclic structure involving 16 manganese(III) centers and 16 ditopic linker ligands or the 60-membered cyclic structure involving 20 manganese(III) centers and 20 ditopic linker ligands (depending on the ligand used). Even though the nuclearity of the metallamacrocycles was different, the successive manganese centers were in the same chiral sequence, ...(LambdaLambdaDeltaDelta)(LambdaLambdaDeltaDelta)....

Discrete metal-organic polyhedra (MOP) with nanosized cavities and/or clusters of MOP could be prepared when C3-symmetric facial ligands and a potential hexatopic Cu(II) ion are combined in the presence of perchlorate as a weak linker, while similar reaction conditions in the presence of a nitrate linker led to extended metal-organic frameworks made of MOP as supramolecular building blocks.

A novel S4-symmetric icosanuclear manganese metalladiazamacrocycle was synthesized using a pentadentate ligand, N-3-phenyl-trans-2-propenoylsalicylhydrazide (H3L), that has a rigid and bulky terminal N-acyl group. A 20 cyclic repeat of an--(Mn-N-N)--linkage resulted in a highly puckered diaza-bridged 60-membered icosanuclear metallamacrocycle. The steric interaction between the ligands in the cyclic system leads to five consecutive Mn(III) centers in a chemically different--(Mn(A)Mn(B)Mn(C)Mn(D)Mn(E))--environment, with the chiralities of the metal centers being in a rather complicated--(LambdaLambdaDeltaLambdaLambda)(DeltaDeltaLambdaDeltaDelta)--sequence.

The face-driven corner-linked truncated octahedral nanocages, [Pd6L8]12+ (1, L1 = N,N',N' '-tris(3-pyridinyl)-1,3,5-benzenetricarboxamide; 2, L2 = N,N',N' '-tris(4-pyridinylmethyl)-1,3,5-benzenetricarboxamide), were prepared with eight C3-symmetric tridentate ligands and six square planar tetratopic palladium(II) ions. The combination of the nitrogen donor atom at a approximately 120 degrees kink position of the carboxamido pyridinyl group and the tilted pyridyl versus the facial plane of the ligands can provide the needed curvature for the formation of octahedral cages. The nitrogen atoms can coordinate to the square planar palladium(II) ions to form kinks with approximately 120 degrees angles at the C4-symmetric square planar corners of the truncated octahedron. Depending on the conformation of the ligand, L1, two different truncated octahedral cages of around 2.4 nm in diameters were formed. The major form of 1 with syn-conformational ligands has a cavity volume of approximately 1600 A3. The cage has 12 ports (3.4 x 3.5 A2) at all edges of the octahedron. The minor form of cage 1 with anti-conformational ligands has a slightly increased cavity volume ( approximately 1900 A3) and port size (3.3 x 8.0 A2). The insertion of a methylene group in L2 has not only increased the cavity volume of 2 to approximately 2200 A3 but also enlarged the port size to 4.1 x 8.0 A2. However, an atomic force microscopy (AFM) study of cage 2 showed that the cages had a height of 1.8 +/- 0.1 nm. This value is about 30% smaller than the calculated size of 2.6 nm from the crystal structure. This tip-induced decrease in height in cage 2 suggests the nonrigidity of cage 2.