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Natural polyphenol compounds have exhibited multiple therapeutic effects in numerous reports. However, there is still a strong desire to combine polyphenols with other functional components to explore novel therapeutic systems. Herein, we demonstrate the construction of core–shell nanostructures with a variety of water-dispersed nanoparticles (NPs), including polymers, noble metals, metal alloys, semiconductors, preassembled NPs as the core, and resveratrol-formaldehyde resin as the shell. The as-prepared core–shell nanostructures inherit the bioactivities of resveratrol and the functionalities of the encapsulated NPs. More importantly, the thicknesses of the resin shell can be further regulated based on treatment requirements. In vitro studies demonstrate that the resveratrol-formaldehyde resin-encapsulated NPs exhibit a promising antitumor property due to their selective and responsive cytotoxicity toward cancer cells. Benefiting from the universality of this encapsulation strategy, as well as the diversity of polyphenols and functional NPs, it is believed that this work will promote the development of therapeutic techniques based on polyphenols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-dimensional (2D) lead halide perovskites (LHPs) are the junction of two hot areas of 2D materials and LHPs, which possess unique chemical and physical properties and deserve in-depth studies. However, because of their intrinsic nonlayered nature, it is challenging to directly synthesize 2D LHPs, especially with large lateral sizes. Herein, we propose a facile colloidal method to obtain 2D large-area CsPbBr3 perovskites. By employing protonated oleylamine as the strong binding ligand, the anisotropic growth of the perovskite is facilitated, resulting in a 2D architecture. Moreover, by using octane as the antisolvent in the recrystallization procedure, the number of nuclei could be efficiently reduced so that most of the reactants are consumed for growth, guaranteeing a lateral size extension. The final CsPbBr3 nanoribbons exhibit two-unit-cell thickness and large lateral size of up to several micrometers, boosting the thickness limit for 2D large-area free-standing CsPbBr3. Thanks to the strong quantum confinement effect driven by the ultrathin thickness, our products exhibit great potential for deep-blue light emission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The clinical treatment of bone defects includes allogeneic bone transplantation and autologous bone transplantation. However, they all have their own limitations, and the scope of application is limited. In recent years, bone tissue engineering scaffolds based on a variety of materials have been well developed and achieved good bone regeneration ability. However, most scaffold materials always face problems such as high biotoxicity, leading to inflammation and poor bioactivity, which limits the bone regeneration effect and prolongs the bone regeneration time. In our work, we prepared hydroxyapatite, erythropoietin (EPO), and osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) codoped type-I collagen (Col I) polypeptide nanofiber membranes (NFMs) by electrostatic spinning. In cell experiments, the composite NFMs had low cytotoxicity and promoted osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and alkaline phosphatase staining confirmed the high expression of osteogenic genes, and alizarin red S staining directly confirmed the appearance of calcium nodules. In animal experiments, the loaded hydroxyapatite formed multiple independent mineralization centers in the defect center. Under the promotion of Col I, EPO, and OGP, the bone continued to grow along the mineralization centers as well as inward the defect edge, and the bone defect completely regenerated in about two months. The hematological and histological analyses proved the safety of the experiments. This kind of design to promote bone regeneration by simulating bone composition, introducing mineralization center and signal molecules, can shorten repair time, improve repair effect, and has good practical prospects in the future.

In clinical practice, the incidence and mortality of non-small cell lung cancer are increasing year by year, which is a serious threat to the health of patients. Once the optimal surgical window is missed, the toxic side effects of chemotherapy have to be confronted. With the rapid development of nanotechnology in recent years, medical science and health have been greatly impacted. Therefore, in this manuscript, we design and prepare chemotherapeutic drug vinorelbine (VRL)-loaded polydopamine (PDA) shell-coated Fe 3 O 4 superparticles, and further graft the targeted ligand RGD onto their surface. Because of the introduction of the PDA shell, the toxicity of the prepared Fe 3 O 4 @PDA/VRL-RGD SPs is greatly reduced. At the same time, due to the existence of Fe 3 O 4 , the Fe 3 O 4 @PDA/VRL-RGD SPs also have MRI contrast capability. Under the dual-targeting effect of RGD peptide and external magnetic field, Fe 3 O 4 @PDA/VRL-RGD SPs can accumulate into tumors effectively. The accumulated superparticles in the tumor sites can not only effectively identify and mark the location and boundary of the tumor under MRI, guideing the application of near-infrared laser, but also release the loaded VRL under the stimulation of the acidic microenvironment of the tumor to play the role of chemotherapy. On further combination with photothermal therapy under laser irradiation, A549 tumors are completely eliminated without recurrence. Our proposed RGD/magnetic field dual-targeting strategy can effectively improve the bioavailability of nanomaterials and contribute to better imaging and therapeutic effects, which has a promising application prospect in the future., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)

Clinically, the surgical treatment of bladder cancer often faces the problem of tumor recurrence, and the surgical treatment combined with postoperative chemotherapy to inhibit tumor recurrence also faces high toxicity and side effects. Therefore, the need for innovative bladder cancer treatments is urgent. For the past few years, with the development of nano science and technology, imaging-guided therapy using nanomaterials with both imaging and therapy functions has shown great advantages and can not only identify the locations of the tumors but also exhibit biodistributions of nanomaterials in the tumors, significantly improving the accuracy and efficacy of treatment. In this work, we synthesized Fe(III)-doped polyaminopyrrole nanoparticles (FePPy-NH 2 NPs). With low cytotoxicity and a blood circulation half-life of 7.59 h, high levels of FePPy-NH 2 NPs accumulated in bladder tumors, with an accumulation rate of up to 5.07%ID/g. The coordination of Fe(III) and the amino group in the structure can be used for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), whereas absorption in the near-infrared region can be applied to photoacoustic imaging (PAI) and photothermal therapy (PTT). MRI and PAI accurately identified the location of the tumor, and based on the imaging data, laser irradiation was employed accurately. With a high photothermal conversion efficiency of 44.3%, the bladder tumor was completely resected without recurrence. Hematological analysis and histopathological analysis jointly confirmed the high level of safety of the experiment.

Gold nanorods (AuNRs) are potentially useful in tumor theranostics, but the poor stability, high toxicity, and rapid removal by the immune system seriously limit their theranostic applications. In our study, we demonstrate the fabrication of Cu(II)-doped polydopamine-coated AuNR (AuNR@CuPDA), which significantly improves the potentials in tumor theranostics. Besides the improvement of physiological stability and biocompatibility, the PDA shell increases the photothermal performance and prolongs the blood circulation time of AuNRs. The half-life of AuNRs during blood circulation increases from 0.7 to 4.5 h after PDA coating, and the injected dose per gram of tumor tissue is 4.6% ID g -1 for AuNR@CuPDA. In addition to computer tomography imaging, the loading of Cu(II) in PDA shell endows AuNR@CuPDA with magnetic resonance imaging function. Cu(II) doped in PDA shell also exhibits chemotherapeutic behavior, and the tumor inhibitor rate is 31.2%. Further combining 808 nm laser-driven photothermal therapy, tumors were completely ablated, and no recurrence was observed. Liver and renal functions tests and histological analysis of major organs confirm that AuNR@CuPDA is in good safety.

Cancer multimodal treatment by combining the effects of different theranostics agents can efficiently improve treatment efficacy and reduce side effects. In this work, we demonstrate the theranostics nanodevices on the basis of Cu 2+ -loaded polydopamine nanoparticles (CuPDA NPs), which are able to offer magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided thermochemotherapy (TCT). Systematical studies reveal that after Cu 2+ ions loading, the molar extinction coefficient of PDA NPs is greatly enhanced by 4 times, thus improving the performance in photothermal therapy. Despite Cu 2+ ions being toxic, the release of Cu 2+ is mainly stimulated in acidic environment. Once the NPs deposit in the slightly acidic tumor microenvironment (pH ≈ 6.5-6.8), the release rate boosts ∼30%, which effectively avoids the systematic toxicity during chemotherapy. Meanwhile, due to the increment of the electron-proton dipole-dipole interaction correlation time τ C , the spin-lattice relaxation time (T 1 ) for PDA NPs is found to be shortened by Cu 2+ loading, which boosts the longitudinal relaxivity (r 1 ). Hence, CuPDA NPs can be used as T 1 -weighted contrast agent in MRI. In addition, due to the naturally existing DA in the human body with stealth effect, CuPDA NPs have an outstanding tumor retention rate as high as 8.2% ID/g. Further in vitro and in vivo tests indicate that CuPDA NPs possess long blood circulation time, good photothermal and physiological stability, and biocompatibility, which are potential nanodevices for MRI-guided TCT with minimal side effects.

In this work, we report the transfer-free measurement of carrier dynamics and transport of direct chemical vapor deposition (CVD) grown graphene on glass with the aid of ultrafast transient absorption microscopy (TAM) and demonstrate the use of such graphene glass for high-performance touch panel applications. The 4.5 in.-sized graphene glass was produced by an optimized CVD procedure, which can readily serve as transparent conducting electrode (TCE) without further treatment. The graphene glass exhibited an intriguing optical transmittance and electrical conductance concurrently, presenting a sheet resistance of 370-510 Ω·sq -1 at a transmittance of 82%, much improved from our previous achievements. Moreover, direct measurement of graphene carrier dynamics and transport by TAM revealed the similar biexponential decay behavior to that of CVD graphene grown on Cu, along with a carrier mobility as high as 4820 cm 2 ·V -1 ·s -1 . Such large-area, highly uniform, transparent conducting graphene glass was assembled to integrate resistive touch panels that demonstrated a high device performance. Briefly, this work aims to present the great feasibility of good quality graphene glass toward scalable and practical TCE applications.

Iron oxide (Fe3O4), polydopamine (PDA), and in particular their composites are examples of the safest nanomaterials for developing multifunctional nanodevices to perform noninvasive tumor diagnosis and therapy. However, the structures and performances of Fe3O4-PDA nanocomposites should be further perfected to enhance the theranostic efficiency. In this work, we demonstrate the fabrication of PDA-capped Fe3O4 (Fe3O4@PDA) superparticles (SPs) employing preassembled Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) as the cores. Owing to the collective effect of preassembled Fe3O4 NPs, the superparamagnetism and photothermal performance of Fe3O4@PDA SPs are greatly enhanced, thus producing nanodevices with improved magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided photothermal efficiency. Systematical studies reveal that the molar extinction coefficient of the as-assembled Fe3O4 SPs is 3 orders of magnitude higher than that of individual Fe3O4 NPs. Also due to the high aggregation degree of Fe3O4 NPs, the T2-weighted MRI contrast is greatly enhanced for the SPs with r2 relaxivity of 230.5 mM(-1) s(-1), which is ∼2.5 times larger than that of individual Fe3O4 NPs. The photothermal stability, physiological stability, and biocompatibility, as well as the photothermal performance of Fe3O4 SPs, are further improved by enveloping with PDA shell.

Aquaculture is an important source of atmospheric methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), while few direct flux measurements are available for their regional and global source strength estimates. A parallel field experiment was performed to measure annual CH4 and N2O fluxes from rice paddies and rice paddy-converted inland crab-fish aquaculture wetlands in southeast China. Besides N2O fluxes dependent on water/sediment mineral N and CH4 fluxes related to water chemical oxygen demand, both CH4 and N2O fluxes from aquaculture were related to water/sediment temperature, sediment dissolved organic carbon, and water dissolved oxygen concentration. Annual CH4 and N2O fluxes from inland aquaculture averaged 0.37 mg m(-2) h(-1) and 48.1 μg m(-2) h(-1), yielding 32.57 kg ha(-1) and 2.69 kg N2O-N ha(-1), respectively. The conversion of rice paddies to aquaculture significantly reduced CH4 and N2O emissions by 48% and 56%, respectively. The emission factor for N2O was estimated to be 0.66% of total N input in the feed or 1.64 g N2O-N kg(-1) aquaculture production in aquaculture. The conversion of rice paddies to inland aquaculture would benefit for reconciling greenhouse gas mitigation and agricultural income increase as far as global warming potentials and net ecosystem economic profits are of concomitant concern. Some agricultural practices such as better aeration and feeding, and fallow season dredging would help to lower CH4 and N2O emissions from inland aquaculture. More field measurements from inland aquaculture are highly needed to gain an insight into national and global accounting of CH4 and N2O emissions.

Electron transition materials on the basis of transition metal ions usually possess higher photothermal transduction efficiency but lower extinction ability, which have not been considered as efficient photothermal agents for therapeutic applications. In this work, we demonstrate a facile and feasible approach for enhancing 808 nm photothermal conversion effect of d orbits transition Cu(II) ions by forming Cu-carboxylate complexes. The coordination with carboxylate groups greatly enlarges the splitting energy gap of Cu(II) and the capability of electron transition, thus enhancing the extinction ability in near-infrared region. The cupreous complexes are further loaded in biocompatible and biodegradable polymer nanoparticles (NPs) of chitosan to temporarily lower the toxicity, which allows the photothermal therapy of human oral epithelial carcinoma (KB) cells in vitro and KB tumors in vivo. Animal experiments indicate the photothermal tumor inhibition rate of 100%. In addition, the gradual degradation of chitosan NPs leads to the release of cupreous complexes, thus exhibiting additional chemotherapeutic behavior in KB tumor treatment. Onefold chemotherapy experiments indicate the tumor inhibition rate of 93.1%. The combination of photothermal therapy and chemotherapy of cupreous complex-loaded chitosan NPs indicates the possibility of inhibiting tumor recurrence.

We report a hybrid, quantum dot (QD)-based, organic light-emitting diode architecture using a noninverted structure with the QDs sandwiched between hole transporting layers (HTLs) outperforming the reference device structure implemented in conventional noninverted architecture by over five folds and suppressing the blue emission that is otherwise observed in the conventional structure because of the excess electrons leaking towards the HTL. It is predicted in the new device structure that 97.44% of the exciton formation takes place in the QD layer, while 2.56% of the excitons form in the HTL. It is found that the enhancement in the external quantum efficiency is mainly due to the stronger confinement of exciton formation to the QDs.