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Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as popular nanomaterials have outstanding application prospects in water sorption applications due to their unique structures with excellent properties, such as high porosity, large specific surface area, nanoscale features, reticulation structure, and controllable adjustment of the pore size. Sorbents require high water sorption and water stability to collect, utilize, or remove water. The structure of most MOFs is destroyed upon contact with water, which greatly limits their practical application. This paper summarizes the internal mechanism of water-stable MOFs and describes the optimal design strategy of water-stabilized MOFs based on the structural design of water-stabilized MOFs and the modification of existing MOFs. This review summarizes and analyzes the current typical MOF synthesis and preparation methods. Solutions are proposed for the problems of MOFs in terms of the synthesis mechanism, mass production, and application, and the manufacturing strategies and long-term reliability of MOFs are also prospected. The water sorption mechanism of water-stable MOFs and the influencing factors of water sorption behavior are described, and the optimization strategy of the water sorption performance of MOFs is proposed in terms of the microstructure, surface functional groups, and electron group hybridization. Meanwhile, the current challenges are summarized according to the characteristics of water-adsorbing MOFs, and the future development of MOFs are prospected. It is expected to provide a valuable reference for the research direction of the application of MOFs in water sorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar-energy-driven CO 2 hydrogenation is a promising strategy to alleviate the climate crisis. Methane is a desirable derivative of CO 2 reduction. However, developing a photocatalyst for highly active and selective CH 4 generation remains challenging. Herein, we report a double Z-scheme Bi 3 O 4 Cl/g-C 3 N 4 /Cd 0.5 Zn 0.5 S photocatalyst for efficient reduction of CO 2 to CH 4 . In situ characterization techniques confirmed that the charge migration mechanism in Bi 3 O 4 Cl/g-C 3 N 4 /Cd 0.5 Zn 0.5 S promotes charge separation through double internal electric fields. As a result, the optimized C0.01B0.02C catalyst displayed a formation rate high up to 25.34 μmol g -1 h -1 and a selectivity of 96.52% of CH 4 . Moreover, the AQY of CO 2 conversion on C0.01B0.02C (1.84%) was almost 41 times higher than that of the bare CN. This study provides a novel perspective to develop heterojunction photocatalysts for selective CO 2 conversion to CH 4 .