1. Surface Modification of Cured Inorganic Foams with Cationic Cellulose Nanocrystals and Their Use as Reactive Filter Media for Anionic Dye Removal
- Author
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Terhi Suopajärvi, Paivo Kinnunen, Henrikki Liimatainen, Tuula Selkälä, Juho Antti Sirviö, Ana Luiza Coelho Braga de Carvalho, and Tero Luukkonen
- Subjects
Materials science ,nanocellulose -- DES -- micropollutan ,micropollutant ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Nanocellulose ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Adsorption ,Blowing agent ,Methyl orange ,General Materials Science ,inorganic/organic hybrid ,Dissolving pulp ,nanocellulose ,Cationic polymerization ,article ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,DES ,6. Clean water ,0104 chemical sciences ,Deep eutectic solvent ,wastewater treatment ,Chemical engineering ,chemistry ,adsorption ,ddc:540 ,Surface modification ,0210 nano-technology ,Research Article - Abstract
In this work, a surface cationized inorganic–organic hybrid foam was produced from porous geopolymer (GP) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). GPs were synthesized from alkali-activated metakaolin using H₂O₂ as a blowing agent and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a surfactant. These highly porous GPs were combined at pH 7.5 with cationic CNCs that had been synthesized from dissolving pulp through periodate oxidation followed by cationization in a deep eutectic solvent. The GP-CNC hybrid foams were employed as reactive filters in the removal of the anionic dye, methyl orange (MO; 5–10 mg/L, pH 7). The effects of a mild acid wash and thermal treatments on the structure, properties, and adsorption capacity of the GPs with CNCs and MO were investigated. The CNCs aligned as films and filaments on the surfaces of the neutralized GPs and the addition of CNCs improved MO removal by up to 84% compared with the reference sample. In addition, CTAB was found to disrupt the attachment of CNCs on the pores and improve adsorption of MO in the GPs with and without CNCs.
- Published
- 2020