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Hydrogen production from silicon (Si) hydrolysis is environmentally friendly, safe, portable, and promising. However, the self-protected oxide layer around Si and a sluggish hydrolysis rate impede its practical utilization. To address this problem, we introduced sodium hydride (NaH) to form the core-shell structure of NaH/Si composites via a straightforward one-step, hand-mixing method in an ambient environment. NaH-based Si-M composites exhibit 83% hydrogen yield and a 52.7 mL/min hydrogen generation rate at 1-0.7 molar ratios. The hydrolytic activity includes the breakdown of NaH and the continuous hydrolysis of Si. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, nanoindentation, and reaction observation studies have verified that NaH is pivotal in promoting thorough Si hydrolysis and attaining the maximum achievable yield compared to calcium hydride (CaH 2 ). NaH/Si composites showed excellent hydrogen generation performance compared to CaH 2 /Si composites with microstructure silicon Si-S ≈ 1-3 μm, Si-M ≈ 75 μm, and Si-L ≈ 75-425 μm. Our study provided an innovative design and idea for utilizing cost-effective and easily transportable hydrogen production materials for practical applications, which has the potential for further advancement.

Organoids are three-dimensional models of microscopic organisms created through the self-organization of various types of stem cells. They are widely unitized in personalized medicine due to their capacity to replicate the structure and functionality of native organs. Meanwhile, nanotechnology has been integrated into diagnostic and therapeutic tools to manage an array of medical conditions, given its unique characteristics of nanoscale. Nanomaterials have demonstrated potential in developing innovative and effective organoids. With a focus on studying the interaction of nanomaterials and organoid technology in personalized medicine, this Review examines the role of nanomaterials in regulating the fate of stem cells to construct different types of organoids. It also explores the potential of nanotechnology to create 3D microenvironments for organoids. Finally, perspectives and challenges of applying nanotechnology for organoids development toward the translation of personalized medicine are discussed.

Development of an accurate, rapid, and cost-effective portable device is in high demand for point-of-care molecular diagnosis toward disease screening. Here we report a one-pot homogeneous isothermal assay that leverages nicking endonuclease and minimum secondary structured rolling circle amplification (N-MSSRCA) for fast and sensitive quantification of nucleic acids on distance microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (dμPAD) by a portable custom-made fluorescence detector. Human papillomavirus (HPV) oncogenic E7 mRNA as the biomarker for cervical cancer was used as the model analyte. N-MSSRCA integrates ligase for target recognition, the nicking enzyme for primer generation, and the dual function of the Phi29 DNA polymerase for both on- and off-loop amplification. The proposed method was capable of detecting 1 and 10 fM of the analyte using the microplate reader and portable detector with dμPAD, respectively, with ∼1 h assay time. A cohort study of 40 cervical swab samples shows N-MSSRCA reached positive and negative predictive values of 87.5% and 93.5% using the portable detector with dμPAD, compared to 91.67% and 100% using the microplate reader. N-MSSRCA demonstrates potential in early screening of high-risk HPV infection as a generic strategy to detect various nucleic acids in point-of-care scenarios.