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Kinetic studies reported here have shown that acetylene is a potent reversible inhibitor of reductive dehalogenation of trichloroethene (TCE) and vinyl chloride (VC) by a mixed dehalogenating anaerobic culture. The mixed culture was enriched from a contaminated site in Corvallis, OR, and exhibited methanogenic, acetogenic, and reductive dehalogenation activities. The H2-fed culture transformed TCE to ethene via cis-dichloroethene (c-DCE) and VC as intermediates. Batch kinetic studies showed acetylene reversibly inhibited reduction of both TCE and VC, and the levels of inhibition were strongly dependent on acetylene concentrations in both cases. Acetylene concentrations of 192 and 12 microM, respectively, were required to achieve 90% inhibition in rates of TCE and VC transformation at an aqueous concentration of 400 microM. Acetylene also inhibited methane production (90% inhibition at 48 microM) but did not inhibit H2-dependent acetate production. Mass balances conducted during the studies of VC inhibition showed that acetogenesis, VC transformation to ethene, and methane production were responsible for 52%, 47%, and 1% of the H2 consumption, respectively. The results indicate that halorespiration is the dominant process responsible for VC and TCE transformation and that dehalorespiring organisms are the target of acetylene inhibition. Acetylene has potential use as a reversible inhibitor to probe the biological activities of reductive dechlorination and methanogenesis. It can be added to inhibit reactions and then removed to permit reactions to proceed. Thus, it can be a powerful tool for investigating intrinsic and enhanced anaerobic remediation of chloroethenes at contaminated sites. The results also suggest that acetylene produced abiotically by reactions of chlorinated ethenes with zero-valent iron could inhibit the biological transformation of VC to ethene.

The crystal structures of two hydrated copper(II) chloride salts are reported: N,N'-dimethylpiperazinium bis(aquotrichlorocuprate(II)), C 6 H 20 N 2 O 2 Cu 2 Cl 6 , monoclinic, P2 1 /n, a=6.714 (2) A, b=6.215 (2) A, c=19.545 (6) A, β=92.24 (6)°, Z=2, and R=0.041, and 2-aminopyrimidinium aquotrichlorocuprate(II), C 4 H 8 N 3 OCuCl 3 , monoclinic, Cc, a=3.9025 (6) A, b=13.788 (3) A, c=16.826 (3) A, β=93.99 (1)°, Z=4, and R=0.030. In addition, the crystal parameters of the anhydrous analogue of the latter, bis(2-aminopyrimidinium) hexachlorodicuprate(II), C 8 H 12 N 6 Cu 2 Cl 6 are triclinic, a=3.902 (1) A, b=10.850 (3) A, c=11.129 (3) A, α=62.82 (2)°, β=84.84 (3)°, γ=82.69 (2)°, Z=1, and R=0.0252