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Potato peel, a waste product of the potato processing industry, is high in bioactive compounds. We investigated the in vitro antitrichomonad activity of potato peel powders prepared from commercial Russet, red, purple, and fingerling varieties as well as several known potato components, alkaloids and phenolic compounds, against three pathogenic strains of trichomonads. Trichomonas vaginalis is a sexually transmitted protozoan parasite that causes the human disease trichomoniasis. Two distinct strains of the related Tritrichomonas fetus infect cattle and cats. The glycoalkaloids α-chaconine and α-solanine were highly active against all parasite lines, while their common aglycone solanidine was only mildly inhibitory. α-Solanine was several times more active than α-chaconine. The phenolic compounds caffeic and chlorogenic acids and quercetin were mildly active against the parasites. Most of the potato peel samples were at least somewhat active against all three trichomonad species, but their activities were wide-ranging and did not correspond to their glycoalkaloid and phenolic content determined by HPLC. The two Russet samples were the most active against all three parasites. The purple potato peel sample was highly active against bovine and mostly inactive against feline trichomonads. None of the test substances were inhibitory toward several normal microflora species, suggesting the potential use of the peels for targeted therapeutic treatments against trichomonads.

In this study, we outline the synthesis of isatin–ferrocenyl chalcone and 1H-1,2,3-triazole-tethered isatin–ferrocene conjugates along with their antimicrobial evaluation against the human mucosal pathogen Trichomonas vaginalis. The introduction of a triazole ring among the synthesized conjugates improved the activity profiles with most of the compounds in the library, exhibiting 100% growth inhibition in a preliminary susceptibility screen at 100 μM. IC50 determination of the most potent compounds in the set revealed an inhibitory range between 2 and 13 μM. Normal flora microbiome are unaffected by these compounds, suggesting that these may be new chemical scaffolds for the discovery of new drugs against trichomonad infections.

Two new di- and tripyridyl aromatic ether ligands (1 and 2) have been synthesized using the Williamson ether method. Functionalization of these ligands with either dichlorido(p-cymene)ruthenium(II), dichlorido(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)rhodium(III), or dichlorido(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)iridium(III) fragments yielded three di- and three trinuclear organometallic complexes (1a–c and 2a–c). Both ligands act as monodentate donors to each metal center via the pyridyl nitrogen atoms, and this coordination mode of the polyaryl ether ligands has been confirmed upon elucidation of the molecular structure of the dinuclear iridium complex 1c. All of the synthesized compounds were evaluated for inhibitory effects on the Plasmodium falciparum strain NF54 (chloroquine-sensitive) and found to have moderate to high antiplasmodial activities, with the trinuclear complexes displaying activities in the nanomolar range. The most active compounds were studied for their ability to inhibit formation of synthetic hemozoin...

Tridentate cycloplatinated thiosemicarbazone complexes have been prepared from a biologically significant ligand, 3,4-dichloroacetophenone thiosemicarbazone (1). The tetranuclear complex 2 was prepared by reaction of the ligand with K-2[PtCl4]. Two mononuclear (3 and 4) and two dinuclear (5 and 6) complexes were isolated upon cleavage of the Pt-S-bridging bonds of the tetranuclear complex 2 with the appropriate phosphane ligand. Each complex was characterized using various analytical and spectroscopic techniques, and the molecular structures of 2-4 were also elucidated. The in vitro antiparasitic activities of these complexes against Plasmodium falciparum strains (D10 (chloroquine sensitive) and Dd2 (chloroquine resistant)) and Trichomonas vaginalis have been determined. Preliminary studies into their potential plasmodial target in the form of beta-hematin formation inhibition assays were also completed. Preliminary results suggest that ligand 1 and complex 3 do not hinder formation of beta-hematin. The antiproliferative activity of the complexes against the cisplatin-senstive A2780 and cisplatin-resistant A2780cisR human ovarian cancer cell lines has been evaluated. The complexes were found to exhibit moderate to weak inhibitory activities.

A new method for direct determination of dissolved Fe(III) in acid mine water has been developed. In most present methods, Fe(III) is determined by computing the difference between total dissolved Fe and dissolved Fe(II). For acid mine waters, frequently Fe(II) ≫ Fe(III); thus, accuracy and precision are considerably improved by determining Fe(III) concentration directly. The new method utilizes two selective ligands to stabilize Fe(III) and Fe(II), thereby preventing changes in Fe reduction−oxidation distribution. Complexed Fe(II) is cleanly removed using a silica-based, reversed-phase adsorbent, yielding excellent isolation of the Fe(III) complex. Iron(III) concentration is measured colorimetrically or by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). The method requires inexpensive commercial reagents and simple procedures that can be used in the field. Calcium(II), Ni(II), Pb(II), Al(III), Zn(II), and Cd(II) cause insignificant colorimetric interferences for most acid mine waters. Waters con...

Photolysis of carboxylate anions adsorbed onto highly crystalline goethite (..cap alpha..-FeOOH) with 300-400-nm light produces Fe/sup 2 +/(aq) and /sup ./OH from surface and solution redox reactions. The production of Fe/sup 2 +/(aq) and /sup ./OH was studied in N/sub 2/-purged and aerated aqueous suspensions, respectively, of goethite containing equimolar (10/sup -3/ M) concentrations of oxalate and benzoate (ob + g), succinate and benzoate (sb + g), benzoate alone (b + g), and goethite alone (g). The hydroxyl radical was measured by fluorescence analysis of salicylate formed in a reaction between benzoate and /sup ./OH. Fe/sup 2 +/(aq) was determined colorimetrically. A proposed reaction mechanism includes the photoexcitation of Fe(III) surface complexes with OH/sup -/, HCO/sub 3//sup -/, and RCOO/sup -/ ligands to form Fe/sup 2 +/(aq) and corresponding ligand radicals. Additional /sup ./OH is made by the O/sub 2/ oxidation of Fe/sup 2 +/(aq). Comparison of Fe/sup 2 +/(aq) and /sup ./OH yields permitted an estimate of the relative importance of pathways leading to /sup ./OH.