1. Cyanidin-3-glucoside from Black Rice Ameliorates Diabetic Nephropathy via Reducing Blood Glucose, Suppressing Oxidative Stress and Inflammation, and Regulating Transforming Growth Factor β1/Smad Expression
- Author
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Ching Yuan Hu, Jia He, Hai Jiang, Shan Shan Qi, Hongxing Zheng, Xin Shen Li, and Hao Han
- Subjects
Blood Glucose ,Male ,0106 biological sciences ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Black rice ,Smad2 Protein ,SMAD ,medicine.disease_cause ,01 natural sciences ,Anthocyanins ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ,Diabetic nephropathy ,Glucosides ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Diabetic Nephropathies ,Smad3 Protein ,Kidney ,Plant Extracts ,business.industry ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Glomerulosclerosis ,Oryza ,General Chemistry ,medicine.disease ,Rats ,0104 chemical sciences ,Oxidative Stress ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,business ,Oxidative stress ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Transforming growth factor - Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the serious complications in diabetes. Cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) from black rice was reported to have hypoglycemic effects and an anti-osteoporosis effect in diabetic rats. Whether it has preventive effects on DN has not been reported. In this study, we established a rat model of DN, and C3G at two doses (10 and 20 mg kg-1 day-1) were administered to see its anti-DN effect. A total of 8 weeks of C3G supplementation decreased blood glucose and serum insulin, improved the renal function, and relieved renal glomerular sclerosis and interstitial fibrosis of DN rats. Also, the kidneys of DN rats had improved the oxidative defense system. Pro-inflammatory mediators were markedly reduced in serum and kidneys of the C3G-treated groups. Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), phosphor-Smad2, and phosphor-Smad3 protein expression levels were significantly decreased in the kidney of the C3G-treated group, whereas the Smad7 expression level was upregulated by C3G. Our results indicate that C3G can ameliorate DN via antioxidative stress and anti-inflammation and regulate the TGF-β1/Smad2/3 pathway. Our results suggest that C3G from black rice might be used as a renal-protective nutrient in DN.
- Published
- 2020
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