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Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are suitable materials for safety enhancements of high-energy-density lithium metal batteries. Low ionic conductivity and poor interfacial compatibility could be the major issues to be addressed for SPEs. In this work, a cross-linked polybenzoxazine polymer with poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) segments (CR-PEO-PBz) has been synthesized and used as a polymeric matrix for preparation of SPEs. The cross-linked structure contributes to suppression of PEO crystallization. PEO-PBz is also used as a binder to reduce the interfacial resistance between the electrode and the electrolyte. The features enhance the lithium ion transportation and increase the ionic conductivity of the corresponding SPE (5.32 × 10–¹ mS cm–¹ at 60 °C). CR-PEG-PBz also exhibits the ability to prevent lithium dendrite growth with promotion of uniform lithium deposition. The LiFePO₄/Li coin cells made with the SPEs demonstrate a high initial capacity of 142 mAh g–¹ at 0.2C and 60 °C and a 93% initial capacity after a 100-cycle test. The cells could be operated at 30, 40, and 50 °C, thus proving the capability of the SPE at various temperatures.

In this study, solid–liquid equilibria of dicarboxylic acids for binary mixtures, hexanedioic acid (1) + octanedioic acid (2) (eutectic temperature TE = 390.54 K, eutectic composition x1E = 0.419); hexanedioic acid (1) + nonanedioic acid (2) (TE = 372.52 K, x1E = 0.269); hexanedioic acid (1) + decanedioic acid (2) (TE = 387.43 K, x1E = 0.514); heptanedioic acid (1) + octanedioic acid (2) (TE = 365.81 K, x1E = 0.782); heptanedioic acid (1) + nonanedioic acid (2) (TE = 352.50 K, x1E = 0.558); heptanedioic acid (1) + decanedioic acid (2) (TE = 367.07 K, x1E = 0.753); octanedioic acid (1) + decanedioic acid (2) (TE = 387.97 K, x1E = 0.465); nonanedioic acid (1) + octanedioic acid (2) (TE = 367.62 K, x1E = 0.712); and nonanedioic acid (1) + decanedioic acid (2) (TE = 370.49 K, x1E = 0.687), are measured using differential scanning calorimetry and correlated using Clarke-Glew equation. An observation here is simple eutectic phase diagrams for these systems. It can be noted that experiment results, correlated wi...

This research focuses on measuring the solubility of three antioxidants—ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt hydrate, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid calcium disodium salt hydrate, and l-cysteine hydrochloride—in supercritical carbon dioxide. Using a semiflow apparatus, the experiment takes data at 308.15, 313.15, and 318.15 K with pressure ranging from 10 to 22 MPa (for ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt dihydrate) or from 12 to 24 MPa (for ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid calcium disodium salt hydrate and l-cysteine hydrochloride). Two semiempirical equations—one proposed by Chrastil, the other Mendez-Santiago and Teja—are applied to find the correlated relationship of the experimental data. With the choice of fitted parameters, the correlation derived from the two equations are satisfactory: the average absolute relative deviation is under 5.1%.

Solid–liquid equilibria of dicarboxylic acids for binary mixtures—nonanedioic acid (1) + 3-methylheptanedioic acid (2) (eutectic temperature TE = 342.25 K, eutectic composition x1E = 0.364); nonanedioic acid (1) + 2,2-dimethylbutanedioic acid (2) (TE = 367.51 K, x1E = 0.653); nonanedioic acid (1) + 2,3-dimethylbutanedioic acid (2) (TE = 354.27 K, x1E = 0.463); decanedioic acid (1) + 3-methylheptanedioic acid (2) (TE = 352.47 K, x1E = 0.134); decanedioic acid (1) + 2,2-dimethylbutanedioic acid (2) (TE = 384.38 K, x1E = 0.483); and decanedioic acid (1) + 2,3-dimethylbutanedioic acid (2) (TE = 365.38 K, x1E = 0.192)—are measured using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and correlated using the Clarke–Glew equation in this study. Simple eutectic phase diagrams for these systems are observed. The experimental results are correlated using the Wilson and nonrandom two-liquid (NRTL) activity coefficient models, and satisfactory results are presented.

The central task of this research is devoted to the measurement of the solubility of two antioxidants—d-isoascorbic acid and calcium l-ascorbate dihydrate—in supercritical carbon dioxide. The experiment, using a semiflow type apparatus, takes data at various temperatures, over pressures ranging from 12 MPa to 24 MPa. The acquired data are then processed numerically—with the aid of semiempirical equations proposed by Chrastil and by Mendez-Santiago and Teja—to find the correlated relationship. The correlated results from both equations yield satisfactory results with an average absolute relative deviation (AARD) under 5 % when optimally fitted parameters are chosen.

Solid–liquid equilibrium data for six organic binary mixtures of heptanedioic acid (1) + pentanedioic acid (2) (eutectic temperature TE = 341.9 K, eutectic composition x1E = 0.391), hexanedioic acid (1) + heptanedioic acid (2) (TE = 365.4 K, x1E = 0.239), heptanedioic acid (1) + 2,3-dimethylbutanedioic acid (2) (TE = 348.9 K, x1E = 0.443), heptanedioic acid (1) + 2,2-dimethylbutanedioic acid (2) (TE = 358.8 K, x1E = 0.667), heptanedioic acid (1) + 3-methylpenetandioic acid (2) (TE = 338.8 K, x1E = 0.357), and 2,2-dimethylbutanedioic acid (1) + 3-methylpenetandioic acid (2) (TE = 348.3 K, x1E = 0.212) were measured in this study using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). All six systems show simple eutectic behavior. The experimental data were correlated using the Wilson and nonrandom two-liquid (NRTL) activity coefficient models, and satisfactory results are presented.

Solid–liquid equilibria for three organic binary mixtures of benzoic acid (1) + heptanedioic acid (2) (eutectic temperature TE = 350.20 K, eutectic composition x1E = 0.498), benzoic acid (1) + 3-methylpentanedioic acid (3) (TE = 340.03 K, x1E = 0.427), and benzoic acid (1) + 2,3-dimethylbutanedioic acid (4) (TE = 352.71 K, x1E = 0.462) were measured using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). We observe simple eutectic behaviors for all three binary mixtures. The experimental results were further correlated using the Wilson and nonrandom two-liquid (NRTL) activity coefficient models. The optimally fitted binary interaction parameters are reported, and satisfactory correlation results are depicted.

Solid−liquid equilibria for three organic binary mixtures of hexanedioic acid (1) + benzoic acid (2) (eutectic temperature TE = 378.17 K, eutectic composition x1E = 0.249), benzoic acid (1) + pentanedioic acid (2) (TE = 343.50 K, x1E = 0.402), and hexanedioic acid (1) + pentanedioic acid (2) (TE = 355.87 K, x1E = 0.205) were measured using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Simple eutectic behaviors for these systems were observed. The experimental results were correlated using the Wilson and nonrandom two-liquid (NRTL) activity coefficient models with satisfactory results.