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In 1998, a clinical classification of pulmonary hypertension (PH) was established, categorizing PH into groups which share similar pathological and hemodynamic characteristics and therapeutic approaches. During the 5th World Symposium held in Nice, France, in 2013, the consensus was reached to maintain the general scheme of previous clinical classifications. However, modifications and updates especially for Group 1 patients (pulmonary arterial hypertension [PAH]) were proposed. The main change was to withdraw persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (YPPH) from Group 1 because this entity carries more differences than similarities with other PAH subgroups. In the current classification, PPHN is now designated number 1". Pulmonary hypertension associated with chronic hemolytic anemia has been moved from Group 1 PAH to Group 5, unclear/multifactorial mechanism. In addition, it was decided to add specific items related to pediatric pulmonary hypertension in order to create a comprehensive, common classification for both adults and children. Therefore, congenital or acquired left-heart inflow/outflow obstructive lesions and congenital cardiomyopathies have been added to Group 2, and segmental pulmonary hypertension has been added to Group 5. Last, there were no changes for Groups 2, 3, and 4. (J Am Coll Cardiol 2013;62:D34-41) a 2013 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation.

In their review of transcatheter device implants for atrial septal defects (ASDs) and patent foramen ovale (PFO), Krumsdorf et al. ([1][1]) present an instructive example of how the cataloguing of non-standard indications for intervention, treatment techniques, and outcome assessment confounds the

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is associated with a high risk for adverse outcomes. Recent quality metrics have incorporated 30 day all cause readmission (30dRead) rates; little, however, is known about the frequency and predictors of 30dRead after PAH hospitalization. We examined 30dRead