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Background: Whether the cardiorenal benefits of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are comparable between White and Asian populations remains unclear.Purpose: To compare the cardiorenal benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1RAs between White and Asian populations and to compare the cardiorenal benefits between the two agents in Asian patients.Data Sources: Electronic databases were searched up to 28 March 2021.Study Selection: We included the cardiovascular (CV) and renal outcome trials of SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1RAs where investigators reported major adverse CV events (MACE), CV death/hospitalization for heart failure (HHF), or composite renal outcomes with stratification by race.Data Extraction: We extracted the hazard ratio of each outcome stratified by race (Asian vs. White populations).Data Synthesis: In 10 SGLT2 inhibitor trials, there was no significant difference between Asian and White populations for MACE (P = 0.55), CV death/HHF (P = 0.87), or composite renal outcomes (P = 0.97). In seven GLP-1RA trials, we observed a similar MACE benefit between Asian and White populations (P = 0.10). In our networkmeta-analysis we found a comparable benefit for MACE between SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1RAs in Asian patients.Limitations: The data were from stratified analyses.Conclusions: There appear to be comparable cardiorenal benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1RAs between Asian and White participants enrolled in CV and renal outcome trials; the two therapies seem to have similar CV benefits for Asian participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: A recent study raises concerns that dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP4i) are associated with increased risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We evaluated the association between new use of DPP4i and IBD risk compared with other second-line antihyperglycemics.Research Design and Methods: We implemented an active-comparator, new-user cohort design using two U.S. administrative claims databases for commercially insured (MarketScan) and older adult (Medicare fee-for-service, 20% random sample) patients from January 2007 to December 2016. We identified patients, aged ≥18 years, who initiated DPP4i versus sulfonylureas (SUs) or initiated DPP4i versus thiazolidinediones (TZDs) and were without prior diagnosis, treatment, or procedure for IBD. The primary outcome was incident IBD, defined by IBD diagnosis preceded by colonoscopy and biopsy and followed by IBD treatment. We performed propensity score weighting to control for measured baseline confounding, estimated adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs [95% CI]) using weighted Cox proportional hazards models, and used random-effects meta-analysis models to pool aHRs across cohorts.Results: We identified 895,747 eligible patients initiating DPP4i, SU, or TZD; IBD incidence rates ranged from 11.6 to 32.3/100,000 person-years. Over a median treatment duration of 1.09-1.69 years, DPP4i were not associated with increased IBD risk across comparisons. The pooled aHRs for IBD were 0.82 (95% CI 0.41-1.61) when comparing DPP4i (n = 161,612) to SU (n = 310,550) and 0.76 (0.46-1.26) when comparing DPP4i (n = 205,570) to TZD (n = 87,543).Conclusions: Our population-based cohort study of U.S. adults with diabetes suggests that short-term DPP4i treatment does not increase IBD risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyses randomized control trials (RCT) of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP4i) and risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients as of 2019. Results show that there is similarity in IBD risk between DPP4i users and control subjects, and that there is no link between DPP4i use and IBD risk among T2D patients. Also noted however, are possibilities of a weak linkage and the need for further studies on the subject.

The article evaluates the correlation of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor (DPP4i) use and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) including Crohn disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) through drug adverse event reporting. Data showed that there is a weak to moderate signals for IBD associated with DPP4i compared to therapeutic alternatives. Findings add to existing evidence of the correlation but suggest more studies to further explore the underlying mechanism of the correlation.

The article presents a study which examine the association between glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) events in context to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database. The study performed a disproportionality analysis using the reporting odds ratio to assess whether there is a signal for a potentially increased risk of DR among GLP-1RA users, and found no signal for the association between GLP-1RA and DR.

The article offers information about a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which seeks to examine whether sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, which are a novel class of antidiabetes drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D), affect the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis in patients with T2D. Other information such as the use of a Peto odds ratio is presented.