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OBJECTIVE--To establish whether exercise improves quality of life (QOL) in individuals with type 2 diabetes and which exercise modalities are involved. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS--Health Benefits of Aerobic and Resistance [...]

OBJECTIVE--We evaluated the effects of mixed meals differing in glycemic index (GI) and carbohydrate content on postprandial serum glucose and insulin response, hunger, and satiety over the course of a [...]

OBJECTIVE--This study was designed to determine a cutoff point for identifying insulin resistance from hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp studies performed at 120 mU/[m.sup.2] x min in a white population and to generate [...]

Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is postulated to modulate insulin action by dephosphorylating the insulin receptor signaling proteins and attenuating insulin signaling. We sought to determine the relationship of skeletal muscle PTP1B to wholebody insulin sensitivity. We studied 17 African Americans with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 16 without diabetes. PTP1B gene expression and protein abundance were determined in the biopsied skeletal muscles at the baseline of a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. PTP1B gene expression was significantly higher in subjects with T2DM versus control (P < 0.0001) and remained significantly different after adjusting for age and insulin sensitivity (P = 0.05). PTP1B gene expression was positively related to protein abundance ([r.sub.s] = 0.39; P = 0.03; adjusted for age and insulin sensitivity) and negatively related to insulin sensitivity ([r.sub.s] = -0.52; P = 0.002; adjusted for age). Overexpression and interference RNA of PTP1B were performed in primary human skeletal muscle culture. PTP1B overexpression resulted in reduction of Akt phosphorylation in the control subjects. Moreover, interference RNA transfection downregulated PTP1B expression and enhanced Akt phosphorylation in subjects with T2DM. These data show that skeletal muscle PTP1B gene expression is increased in Afi'ican American subjects with T2DM, is negatively associated with whole-body insulin sensitivity, and contributes to modulation of insulin signaling., Insulin resistance in skeletal muscle is a key pathophysiologic feature of obesity and type 2 diabetes (1-3). In insulin signaling, tyrosine phosphorylation of the receptor is the key component in [...]

OBJECTIVE--To determine contributions of trunk and extremity adiposity to cardiometabolic risk factors (blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides) among white and African American adults. RESEARCH DESIGN AND [...]

OBJECTIVE--Health of African Americans is seriously threatened by unremitting epidemics of diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the role of metabolic syndrome in the African-American population has not been investigated [...]

OBJECTIVE--To determine whether modest elevations of fasting serum glucose (FSG) and resting blood pressure (BP) in healthy adults are associated with differential serum vitamin D concentrations. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS--Disease-free [...]