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Objective: Given the major role of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) in the regulation of adiposity, this study examined the effects induced by a diet based on the Japanese tradition (SMART WASHOKU) on the visceral fat area (VFA) and GIP secretions. Research Design and Methods: Overweight/obese men (n=21; mean age: 41 ± 9 y; mean BMI: 25.2 ± 2.0 kg/m2) without diabetes were placed on either a SMART WASHOKU (protein/fat=1.0, fiber/carb ratio≥0.063, and omega-3 PUFA/fat ratio ≥0.054) or isocaloric control meal for two weeks, in a randomized, double-blind, cross-over setup with a four-week washout period. For the meal tolerance test, blood samples were collected at 0, 30, 60, 120, 180, and 240 minutes post-meal, followed by measuring blood glucose, insulin, GIP, and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels. Results: Relative to a control meal, SMART WASHOKU meal yielded significantly lower plasma postprandial GIP concentrations (AUC: 700.0 ± 208.0 vs. 1117.0 ± 351.4, P < 0.05); however, between meals, there was no significant difference in the levels of GLP-1, PYY, and ghrelin. Relative to control meal, a SMART WASHOKU intervention produced a modest but significant reduction of VFA in our participants (-3.4 ± 12.3 vs. -13.0 ± 9.3 cm2, P < 0.05). Compared with the control meal, SMART WASHOKU meal did not modify the concentrations of AST, ALT, GGT, and hs-CRP; however, we did observe a significantly reduced in the levels of LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, and HbA1c. Conclusions: Based on our findings, we conclude that in overweight/obese men, a SMART WASHOKU meal would be helpful in decreasing VFA and improving metabolic parameters, possibly via suppressing GIP secretion. Disclosure N. Sakane: Board Member; Spouse/Partner; Kao Corporation. H. Takase: Employee; Self; Kao Corporation. J. Suzuki: Employee; Self; Kao Corporation. C. Suzukamo: Employee; Self; Kao Corporation. S. Nirengi: None. A. Suganuma: None. N. Osaki: Employee; Self; Kao Corporation. Funding Kao Corporation; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (18K01988); Strategic Innovation Project of Japan (14533567); Bio-oriented Technology Research Advancement Institution, NARO

Objectives: Limited understanding of the causes of variability in individual response to similar lifestyle changes makes it challenging to design individualized diet plans for diabetes prevention. We previously reported a simulation model of lifestyle disease and tested it using data from DPP and a low carb-low fat diet crossover study. Here we used the model to analyze data from J-DOIT1 to understand the causes of variability and to optimize diet therapy. Methods: J-DOIT1 is a large-scale intervention study of 2,607 subjects with a 5.5 year follow-up. We selected 60 baseline-matched individuals from placebo and intervention arms. Model was calibrated to each subject’s body weight, FPG, HbA1c time courses to estimate physiology and lifestyle parameters (e.g., RMR, diet intake). Simulation analysis was used to optimize individual diet. Results: Individuals with the most and least improved biomarkers showed no significant difference in model-estimated energy balance or in self-reported lifestyle at baseline. Neither caloric deficit nor linear combinations of model-estimated parameters were predictive of outcomes, showing the value of our complex physiological model for prediction. The model suggests that unique sets of optimal diets exist for achieving individual health goals (Fig. 1). Fig. 1. Optimized changes in fat and carbohydrate intake for two individuals to reduce body weight by 5-7%. Fig. 1. Optimized changes in fat and carbohydrate intake for two individuals to reduce body weight by 5-7%. Disclosure J.H. Chen: None. M. Fukasawa: None. Q. Chen: None. S.P. Burns: None. K. Kumar: None. S. Nirengi: None. K. Takahashi: None. A. Suganuma: None. H. Kuzuya: None. N. Sakane: Research Support; Spouse/Partner; Pwc. G. Dwivedi: None.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the stages of change toward healthier behavior by telephone-delivery intervention in prediabetic individuals. Research Design and Methods: A total of 2607 participants aged 20-65 years with impaired fasting glucose were randomized to a one-year telephone-intervention intervention arm (n=1240) or a self-directed control arm with weighing scale and pedometer (n=1367). Stages of change were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire. Results: At the baseline, 5.9% were in the precontemplation stage, 50.6% were in the contemplation stage, and 25.5% were in the preparation stage in the change to healthy eating. At the baseline, 9.4% were in the precontemplation stage, 50.2% were in the contemplation stage, and 12.0% were in the preparation stage in the change toward adopting exercise habits. For participants who were in the precontemplation stage, the proportions of those progressing to the action/maintenance stage for a healthy eating after 1-year intervention and at the end of the trial were increased (17.5 and 16.1-percentage-point increase, respectively), but there was small increase for exercise habits (5.4 and 2.7-percentage-point increase, respectively). For participants who were in the precontenplation stage, the odds of progressing to the action/maintenance stage for the intervention vs. control arm for healthy eating after 1-year intervention and at the end of the trial were 3.07 (95% CI=1.23, 8.13) and 2.21 (95% CI=1.04, 4.67), respectively. The corresponding odds for excise habits were 1.59 (95% CI=0.70, 3.61) and 1.27 (95% CI=0.55, 2.91). The hazard ratio for the development of diabetes on receiving the intervention in the precontenplation stage of healthy eating at the baseline was 0.51. Conclusions: The intervention advanced the stages of changes toward healthy eating and might be effective for preventing diabetes even in the precontemplation stage. Disclosure N. Sakane: Research Support; Spouse/Partner; Pwc. S. Nirengi: None. K. Takahashi: None. A. Suganuma: None. K. Okazaki: Advisory Panel; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. Research Support; Self; Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Novo Nordisk A/S, Astellas Pharma US, Inc., Takeda Development Center Asia, Pte. Ltd., Terumo Medical Corporation, MSD K.K., Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho Co., Ltd.. Other Relationship; Self; Aichi prefecture government and Nagoya city government. K. Izumi: None. M. Noda: None. H. Kuzuya: None.