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Your search keyword '"Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] [CAS]"' showing total 18 results
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18 results on '"Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] [CAS]"'

1. Revision of the Chinese Altai‐East Junggar Terrane Accretion Model Based on Geophysical and Geological Constraints

Author

Igor Soejono, Wenjiao Xiao, Alexandra Guy, Karel Schulmann, Dynamique de la lithosphère et des bassins sédimentaires (IPGS) (IPGS-Dylbas), Institut de physique du globe de Strasbourg (IPGS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution (SKL), Institute of Geology and Geophysics [Beijing] (IGG), and Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)

Subjects
[SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, Paleontology, Geophysics, Accretionary wedge, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geochemistry and Petrology, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Terrane
Abstract

International audience

Published
2020
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2. The Quasi‐monochromatic ULF Wave Boundary in the Venusian Foreshock: Venus Express Observations

Author

Lican Shan, Karim Meziane, Norberto Romanelli, Tielong Zhang, Yasong Ge, Christian Mazelle, Quanming Lu, Aimin Du, CAS Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics (EPP), Institute of Geology and Geophysics [Beijing] (IGG), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), CAS Key Laboratory of Lunar and Deep Space Exploration, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Chinese Institutions of Earth Science, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physics Department [UNB], University of New Brunswick (UNB), HELIOS - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), College of Earth Sciences [Beijing] (CES), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (UCAS), CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment, University of Science and Technology of China [Hefei] (USTC), Space Research Institute of Austrian Academy of Sciences (IWF), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Venus, 01 natural sciences, ULF wave, 0103 physical sciences, Ligand cone angle, wave boundary, Interplanetary magnetic field, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], biology, Geophysics, Bow shocks in astrophysics, biology.organism_classification, Foreshock, oreshock, Solar wind, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Physics::Space Physics, Reflection (physics), Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Energy source
Abstract

International audience; The location of ultra-low frequency (ULF) quasi-monochromatic wave onset upstream of Venus bow shock is explored using Venus Express magnetic field data. We report the existence of a spatial foreshock boundary behind which ULF waves are present. We have found that the ULF wave boundary at Venus is sensitive to the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) direction like the terrestrial one and appears well defined for a cone angle larger than 30o. In the Venusian foreshock, the inclination angle of the wave boundary with respect to the Sun-Venus direction increases with the IMF cone angle. We also found that for the IMF nominal direction (θBX = 36°) at Venus’ orbit, the value of this inclination angle is 70o. Moreover, we have found that the inferred velocity of an ion traveling along the ULF boundary is in a qualitative agreement with a quasi-adiabatic reflection of a portion of the solar wind at the bow shock. For an IMF nominal direction at Venus, the inferred bulk speed of ions traveling along this boundary is 1.07 VSW, sufficiently enough to overcome the solar wind convection. This strongly suggests that the backstreaming ions upstream of the Venusian bow shock provide the main energy source for the ULF waves.

Published
2018
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3. Influence of Summer Sublimation on δD, δ18O, and δ17O in Precipitation, East Antarctica, and Implications for Climate Reconstruction From Ice Cores

Author

Wangbin Zhang, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Claudio Scarchilli, Hongxi Pang, Yuansheng Li, Frédéric Prié, Camille Risi, Barbara Stenni, S. Falourd, Yetang Wang, Shuang-Ye Wu, Bénédicte Minster, Amaelle Landais, Chunlei An, Koji Fujita, Hans Christian Steen-Larsen, Paolo Grigioni, Shugui Hou, Jean Jouzel, The State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Science, Cold and Arid Region Environment and Engineering Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Changchun Branch] (CAS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Technical University Hamburg Harburg [Hamburg], School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University (NJU), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics [Venezia], University of Ca’ Foscari [Venice, Italy], Graduate School of Environmental Studies [Nagoya], Nagoya University, Pang, H., Hou, S., Landais, A., Masson-Delmotte, V., Jouzel, J., Steen-Larsen, H. C., Risi, C., Zhang, W., Wu, S., Li, Y., An, C., Wang, Y., Prie, F., Minster, B., Falourd, S., Stenni, B., Scarchilli, C., Fujita, K., Grigioni, P., Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, δ18O, water stable isotopes, Antarctica, climate, ice core, East antarctica, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Geophysics, Ice core, Settore GEO/08 - Geochimica e Vulcanologia, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Sublimation (phase transition), Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; In central Antarctica, where accumulation rates are very low, summer sublimation of surface snow is a key element of the surface mass balance, but its fingerprint in isotopic composition of water (δD, δ 18 O, and δ 17 O) remains unclear. In this study, we examined the influence of summer sublimation on δD, δ 18 O, and δ 17 O in precipitation using data sets of isotopic composition of precipitation at various sites on the inland East Antarctica. We found unexpectedly low δ 18 O values in the summer precipitation, decoupled from surface air temperatures. This feature can be explained by the combined effects of weak or nonexistent temperature inversion and moisture recycling associated with sublimation-condensation processes in summer. Isotopic fractionation during the moisture-recycling process also explains the observed high values of d-excess and 17 O-excess in summer precipitation. Our results suggest that the local cycle of sublimation-condensation in summer is an important process for the isotopic composition of surface snow, water vapor, and consequently precipitation on inland East Antarctica.

Published
2019
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4. Millennial‐Scale Precipitation Variability in the Indo‐Pacific Region Over the Last 40 Kyr

Author

Zhaojie Yu, Xiaojie Tang, Christophe Colin, David J. Wilson, Xinquan Zhou, Lina Song, Fengming Chang, Shuai Zhang, Franck Bassinot, Shiming Wan, CAS Institute of Oceanology (IOCAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Géosciences Paris Saclay (GEOPS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University College of London [London] (UCL), State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology [Shanghai], Tongji University, Hohai University, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paléocéanographie (PALEOCEAN), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Hydroclimate, Indo-Pacific Warm Pool, Geophysics, Weathering, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, ENSO, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Clay mineralogy
Abstract

Deep atmospheric convection in the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool (IPWP) represents a major source of heat and moisture, thereby affecting the global climate, but its past changes remain debated. Here, we present sub-millennial clay mineralogy and elemental records spanning the last 40 kyr from within the IPWP. From these data, we infer millennial-scale fluctuations in precipitation, with generally lower precipitation during Heinrich Stadials 1-4, corresponding to El Niño-like conditions. Higher precipitation coincided with the warm interstadials, accompanied by La Niña-like conditions. Moreover, our record indicates the lowest precipitation occurred during the late Holocene, supporting the hypothesis of a stronger-than-modern Walker circulation during the Last Glacial Maximum. In combination with other proxy records and TraCE-21 modelling results, we recognize a distinct spatial heterogeneity of precipitation within the IPWP, resulting from the dominant influences of the ENSO-like system and migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone in the eastern and western IPWP, respectively. Key Points We present sub-millennial clay mineral and elemental records from the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool spanning the last 40 kyr Our records indicate higher precipitation during La Niña-like conditions and lower precipitation during El Niño-like conditions Different patterns and controls on precipitation variability between the eastern and western Indo-Pacific regions are revealed Plain Language Summary Tropical rainfall systems in the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool (IPWP) play a significant role in transferring energy and moisture. However, their millennial-scale variabilities in precipitation during remains poorly understood. Here, we provide sub-millennial sediment mineralogy and elemental reconstructions spanning the last 40,000 years from a sediment core in the IPWP. We infer that variability in precipitation induced by atmospheric convection in the IPWP is the main factor controlling the variability in our data through time. Hence, we interpret our records to reflect sub-millennial fluctuations in precipitation, with lower precipitation during cool stadial periods and higher precipitation during warm interstadials. Such variability corresponds to the changing zonal state of the tropical Pacific atmosphere-ocean system, in a pattern similar to the modern-day. Additionally, our record indicates that precipitation was weaker during the late Holocene than during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), suggesting that the Pacific atmospheric zonal circulation was stronger during the LGM than today. Furthermore, a model-data comparison reveals distinct spatial heterogeneity in the precipitation changes, with precipitation in the eastern IPWP (West Pacific) likely controlled mostly by the tropical Pacific atmosphere-ocean system, whereas precipitation in the western IPWP (Indian Ocean) was driven by latitudinal movement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone.

Published
2023
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5. Seasonal oscillations of middle atmosphere temperature observed by Rayleigh lidars and their comparisons with TIMED/SABER observations

Author

Jiyao Xu, Thierry Leblanc, M. G. Mlynczak, Craig Heinselman, Hassan Bencherif, Hanli Liu, Alain Hauchecorne, James M. Russell, Xianghui Xue, Philippe Keckhut, Xiankang Dou, I. Stuart McDermid, Shui Wang, Wolfgang Steinbrecht, Tao Li, School of Earth and Space Sciences [Hefei], University of Science and Technology of China [Hefei] (USTC), Mengcheng National Geophysical Observatory (MENGO), State Key Laboratory for Space Weather [Beijing] (SKSW), National Space Science Center [Beijing] (NSSC), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), High Altitude Observatory (HAO), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), STRATO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones (LACy), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France, SRI International [Menlo Park] (SRI), Meteorologisches Observatorium Hohenpeißenberg (MOHp), Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), NASA Langley Research Center [Hampton] (LaRC), Center for Atmospheric Sciences [Hampton] (CAS), Hampton University, European Commission, State Key Laboratory of Space Weather [Beijing] (SKSW), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Soil Science, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Mesosphere, Atmosphere, Geochemistry and Petrology, Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, Rayleigh lidar, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Stratosphere, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Seasonal oscillation, Ecology, Paleontology, Forestry, Atmospheric temperature, Depth sounding, Geophysics, Lidar, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Climatology, Middle atmosphere temperature, Environmental science, Thermosphere
Abstract

International audience; The long-term temperature data sets obtained by Rayleigh lidars at six different locations from low to high latitudes within the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) were used to derive the annual oscillations (AO) and semiannual oscillations (SAO) of middle atmosphere temperature: Reunion Island (21.8°S); Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii (19.5°N); Table Mountain Facility, California (34.4°N); Observatoire de Haute Provence, France (43.9°N); Hohenpeissenberg, Germany (47.8°N); Sondre Stromfjord, Greenland (67.0°N). The results were compared with those derived from the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instrument onboard the Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) satellite

Published
2009
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6. Addendum to 'Late Cenozoic magnetochronology and paleoenvironmental changes in the northern foreland basin of the Tian Shan Mountains' by Jimin Sun, Qinghai Xu, and Baochun Huang

Author

Yan Chen, Qingchen Wang, Stuart Gilder, Baochun Huang, Julien Charreau, Jimin Sun, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans (ISTO), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences [Pasadena], California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution (SKL), Institute of Geology and Geophysics [Beijing] (IGG), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [München], and Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU)

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Soil Science, Aquatic Science, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Oceanography, Neogene, 01 natural sciences, Paleontology, Geochemistry and Petrology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Geomorphology, Foreland basin, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, [SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, Ecology, Addendum, Forestry, Geophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Cenozoic, Geology, River section
Abstract

International audience; Sun et al. (2007) constructed a magnetostratigraphic record of the Kuitun River section (Xinjiang Province, China) and reinterpreted a magnetostratigraphic record from the same section previously published by Charreau et al. (2005). In this paper, we show that Sun et al. miscorrelated their column with respect to that of Charreau et al. A compatible correlation, recognized by both sides, is presented.

Published
2008
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7. Timing and Order of Extreme Drought and Wetness Determine Bioclimatic Sensitivity of Tree Growth

Author

Xiuchen Wu, Hongyan Liu, Henrik Hartmann, Philippe Ciais, John S. Kimball, Christopher R. Schwalm, Jesús Julio Camarero, Anping Chen, Pierre Gentine, Yuting Yang, Shulei Zhang, Xiaoyan Li, Chongyang Xu, Wen Zhang, Zongshan Li, Deliang Chen, Beijing Normal University (BNU), Peking University [Beijing], Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Montana, Colorado State University [Pueblo] (CSUPueblo), Columbia University Medical Center (CUMC), Columbia University [New York], Tsinghua University [Beijing] (THU), University of Arizona, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), University of Gothenburg (GU), and This study is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41922001), the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program (STEP) (2019QZKK0306), the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA20100102), and the Swedish Formas (2018-02858). The authors greatly thank all contributors for the ITRDB.

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, General Environmental Science
Abstract

International audience

Published
2022
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8. Induced Magnetic Fields and Plasma Motions in the Inner Part of the Martian Magnetosphere

Author

E. Dubinin, M. Fraenz, R. Modolo, M. Pätzold, S. Tellmann, O. Vaisberg, S. Shuvalov, L. Zelenyi, L. Chai, Y. Wei, J. McFadden, G. DiBraccio, J. Espley, Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, HELIOS - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Rheinisches Institut für Umweltforschung (RIU), Universität zu Köln, Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IKI), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Institute of Geology and Geophysics [Beijing] (IGG), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Space Sciences Laboratory [Berkeley] (SSL), University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Fraenz, M., 1 Max‐Planck‐Institute for Solar System Research Göttingen Germany, Modolo, R., 2 Rheinisches Institut Fuer Umweltforschung Cologne Germany, Pätzold, M., 3 LATMOS/IPSL UVSQ Universite UPMC University Paris CNRS Guyancourt France, Tellmann, S., Vaisberg, O., 4 Institute of Space Research Moscow Russia, Shuvalov, S., Zelenyi, L., Chai, L., 5 Key Lab of Earth and Planetary Physics Institute of Geology and Geophysics Beijing People Republic of China, Wei, Y., McFadden, J., 6 Space Sciences Laboratory U. C. Berkeley Berkeley CA USA, DiBraccio, G., 7 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt MD USA, and Espley, J.

Subjects
ddc:523, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, ddc:551.5, Geophysics, Physics::Plasma Physics, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Physics::Space Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Analysis of Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN)/Supra‐Thermal And Thermal Ion Composition observations in the Martian upper atmosphere, bounded at higher altitudes by the shocked solar wind, shows that the draping of interplanetary magnetic field penetrates down to low altitudes (∼200−250 km) and governs dynamics of the ionosphere. The upper ionospheric plasma is driven into motion flowing around Mars similar to the shocked solar wind in the adjacent magnetosheath. Such a fluid‐like motion is accompanied by ion acceleration caused by the bending of the magnetic field, leading to ion extraction and finally to ion pickup. Extraction of ions and their acceleration produces a recoil effect of the bulk ionosphere in the opposite direction. This provides a strong asymmetry in ion dynamics in two different hemispheres, accompanied by wrapping of the magnetic field lines around Mars and respective reconnection., Plain Language Summary: Although the Martian magnetosphere is hybrid and contains components of the induced and intrinsic magnetosphere, is possible to display these components by using the specific coordinate systems. Here we study the properties of the induced magnetosphere using the data obtained by MAVEN spacecraft. The interplanetary magnetic field penetrates deep into the Martian ionosphere draping around Mars and drive to the motion dense ionospheric plasma. Draping features and the induced plasma motions occur different in two hemispheres determined by the direction of the motional electric field in the solar wind. Ion acceleration and extraction is accompanied by a recoil effect that leads to a shift and asymmetry of the ionosphere., Key Points: Draping of the interplanetary magnetic field around Mars penetrates deep to the ionosphere enveloping the planet and driving the ionosphere to the bulk motion. Draping and motion of the ionospheric plasma is characterized by asymmetry by the direction of the motional electric field in solar wind. Ion acceleration and extraction from the ionosphere is accompanied by a shift of the bulk ionosphere in the opposite direction., National Aeronautics and Space Administration http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000104, DFG http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659, Russian Science Foundation http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100006769

Published
2021
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9. Curlometer Technique and Applications

Author

Zhaojin Rong, Stein Haaland, J. De Keyser, X.‐C. Dong, Patrick Robert, Huimin Fu, Chao Shen, Tieyan Wang, Philippe Escoubet, Yanyan Yang, Jonathan Eastwood, Malcolm Dunlop, Beihang University (BUAA), Imperial College London, Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, University of Bergen (UiB), The University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), European Space Agency (ESA), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), and Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Astronomy & Astrophysics, MAGNETOPAUSE CURRENT, 01 natural sciences, FIELD-ALIGNED CURRENTS, FLUX-TRANSFER EVENTS, DIFFUSION REGION, 0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences, 0103 physical sciences, RING CURRENT, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, Science & Technology, MAGNETIC-FIELD, analysis methods, BURSTY BULK FLOWS, CURRENT SHEETS, MMS OBSERVATIONS, Geophysics, multi-spacecraft, Space and Planetary Science, Physical Sciences, Physics::Space Physics, magnetosphere, 0401 Atmospheric Sciences, CLUSTER OBSERVATIONS
Abstract

International audience; We review the range of applications and use of the curlometer, initially developed to analyze Cluster multi-spacecraft magnetic field data; but more recently adapted to other arrays of spacecraft flying in formation, such as MMS small-scale, 4-spacecraft configurations; THEMIS close constellations of 3–5 spacecraft, and Swarm 2–3 spacecraft configurations. Although magnetic gradients require knowledge of spacecraft separations and the magnetic field, the structure of the electric current density (for example, its relative spatial scale), and any temporal evolution, limits measurement accuracy. Nevertheless, in many magnetospheric regions the curlometer is reliable (within certain limits), particularly under conditions of time stationarity, or with supporting information on morphology (for example, when the geometry of the large scale structure is expected). A number of large-scale regions have been covered, such as: the cross-tail current sheet, ring current, the current layer at the magnetopause and field-aligned currents. Transient and smaller scale current structures (e.g., reconnected flux tube or dipolarisation fronts) and energy transfer processes. The method is able to provide estimates of single components of the vector current density, even if there are only two or three satellites flying in formation, within the current region, as can be the case when there is a highly irregular spacecraft configuration. The computation of magnetic field gradients and topology in general includes magnetic rotation analysis and various least squares approaches, as well as the curlometer, and indeed the added inclusion of plasma measurements and the extension to larger arrays of spacecraft have recently been considered.

Published
2021
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10. Solar Wind—Magnetosphere Coupling During Radial Interplanetary Magnetic Field Conditions: Simultaneous Multi‐Point Observations

Author

J. Dargent, Robert Fear, C. P. Escoubet, Cecilia Norgren, K. J. Hwang, Huimin Fu, Benoit Lavraud, Jesús Fornieles, N. Aunai, S. A. Fuselier, T. D. Phan, Wangping Li, Yu. V. Khotyaintsev, Sergio Toledo-Redondo, Kevin Genestreti, Department of Electromagnetism and Electronics [Murcia], Universidad de Murcia, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Southwest Research Institute [San Antonio] (SwRI), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), European Space Agency (ESA), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Electromagnetism and Matter Physics [Granada] (EFM), University of Granada [Granada], Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Physics and Astronomy [Southampton], University of Southampton, Institut für Theoretische Physik IV [Bochum] (ITP4), Ruhr-Universität Bochum [Bochum], School of Space and Environment [Beijing], Beihang University (BUAA), UTSA Department of Physics and Astronomy [San Antonio], The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA), Swedish Institute of Space Physics [Uppsala] (IRF), National Space Science Center [Beijing] (NSSC), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), University of Bergen (UiB), Space Sciences Laboratory [Berkeley] (SSL), University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), Universidad de Granada = University of Granada (UGR), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), and University of California (UC)-University of California (UC)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Solar wind, Magnetosphere, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, magnetopause (MP), Fusion, plasma och rymdfysik, Astronomi, astrofysik och kosmologi, 0103 physical sciences, Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology, Interplanetary magnetic field, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Multi point, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, Magnetic reconnection, Magnetopause (MP), Fusion, Plasma and Space Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-SPACE-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Space Physics [physics.space-ph], Computational physics, Coupling (physics), Geophysics, solar wind, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, magnetic reconnection, Physics::Space Physics, magnetosphere, Magnetopause
Abstract

S. Toledo-Redondo and J. Fornieles acknowledge support of the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) of Spain (grant FIS2017-90102-R) and of Ministry of Science and Innovation (grant PID2020-112805GA-I00). Research at IRAP was supported by CNRS, CNES, and the University of Toulouse. We acknowledge support of the ISSI teams MMS and Cluster observations of magnetic reconnection and Cold plasma of ionospheric in the Earth's magnetosphere, and of the ESAC Science faculty., In-situ spacecraft missions are powerful assets to study processes that occur in space plasmas. One of their main limitations, however, is extrapolating such local measurements to the global scales of the system. To overcome this problem at least partially, multi-point measurements can be used. There are several multi-spacecraft missions currently operating in the Earth's magnetosphere, and the simultaneous use of the data collected by them provides new insights into the large-scale properties and evolution of magnetospheric plasma processes. In this work, we focus on studying the Earth's magnetopause (MP) using a conjunction between the Magnetospheric Multiscale and Cluster fleets, when both missions skimmed the MP for several hours at distant locations during radial interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) conditions. The observed MP positions as a function of the evolving solar wind conditions are compared to model predictions of the MP. We observe an inflation of the magnetosphere (similar to 0.7 R-E), consistent with magnetosheath pressure decrease during radial IMF conditions, which is less pronounced on the flank (, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) of Spain FIS2017-90102-R, Spanish Government PID2020-112805GA-I00, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Commission, Centre National D'etudes Spatiales, University of Toulouse, ESAC Science faculty

Published
2021
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11. A Black Carbon‐Tracer Method for Estimating Cooking Organic Aerosol From Aerosol Mass Spectrometer Measurements

Author

Yele Sun, Yunjiang Zhang, Zifa Wang, Wei Zhou, Douglas R. Worsnop, Yanmei Qiu, Wei Du, Jian Zhao, Qingqing Wang, Lu Lei, Pingqing Fu, Conghui Xie, Yao He, Weiqi Xu, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), University of Helsinki, and Aerodyne Research Inc.

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Carbon black, 010501 environmental sciences, Mass spectrometry, complex mixtures, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Aerosol, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, TRACER, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 11. Sustainability, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Cooking organic aerosol (COA) constitutes a considerable fraction of organic aerosol (OA) in urban environments, yet it is often challenging to resolve COA in summer through positive matrix factorization of unit mass resolution spectra of OA from aerosol mass spectrometer measurements. Here we developed a black carbon‐tracer method for estimating COA in summer. The estimated COA agreed reasonably well with those from other methods. This method can also be applied to other seasons and megacities without substantial emissions from biomass burning and coal combustion. Globally, much higher COA concentrations in China and India than those in North America and Europe were observed, while the COA contributions were comparable (15.5–20%), highlighting the importance of COA in urban areas. Considering the rapidly increased aerosol mass spectrometer measurements worldwide, this method has significant implications for a better source apportionment of OA and also benefits the health studies associated with cooking exposure.

Published
2019
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12. A Low Signal Detection of X‐Rays From Uranus

Author

William Dunn, Affelia Wibisono, Laurent Lamy, Grant R. Tremblay, Ralph Kraft, B. Snios, Jan-Uwe Ness, Zhonghua Yao, G. Branduardi-Raymont, University College of London [London] (UCL), European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC), European Space Agency (ESA), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Smithsonian Institution, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics], Physics, Solar System, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Uranus, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Jupiter, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Neptune, Planet, Saturn, Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer, Ice giant, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; Within the solar system, X-ray emissions have been detected from every planet except the Ice Giants: Uranus and Neptune. We analyze the three archival Chandra X-ray observations of Uranus (each 24–30 ks duration) to date: a stand-alone Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer (ACIS) observation on August 7, 2002 and two High Resolution Camera (HRC) observations on November 11 and 12, 2017 coordinated with optical observations. For the earlier ACIS observation, the Uranus-coincident photons were clustered in the 0.6–1.1 keV spectral range, consistent with emission from Jupiter and Saturn. To test the significance of the detected signal, we distributed a grid of ∼10,000 Uranus-sized regions across the field of view (FoV). The number of Uranus-coincident X-ray photons in the 0.5–1.2 keV range exceeded 99.9% of Uranus-sized regions across the FoV (10.2 standard deviations > FoV mean; probability of chance occurrence ∼10−6–10−7). However, the planetary signal was low with only 5 ± 2.2 X-ray photons against a FoV mean background of 0.16 photons. Without the possibility of energy filtering, the recent HRC observations had a much brighter background (FoV mean ∼10 photons). Consequently, neither of the new observations provided a second unambiguous Uranus detection, although a 40-min interval of brightening on November 12, 2017 did produce a signal above 99.9% of the FoV. The observed Uranus X-ray fluxes of 10−15–10−16 erg/cm2/s are consistent with previous observational limits and modeling predictions. These fluxes exceed expectations from scattered solar emission alone, suggesting either a larger X-ray albedo than Jupiter/Saturn or the possibility of additional X-ray production processes at Uranus. Further observations are needed to test this.

Published
2021
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13. Lithospheric Strength and Rift Migration Controls on Synrift Stratigraphy and Breakup Unconformities at Rifted Margins: Examples From Numerical Models, the Atlantic and South China Sea Margins

Author

Marta Pérez-Gussinyé, Y. Xin, Miguel Andrés-Martínez, John J. Armitage, Mario Araujo, Center for Marine Environmental Sciences [Bremen] (MARUM), Universität Bremen, Petrobras Research Center (CENPES), Petrobras, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), IFP Energies nouvelles (IFPEN), and Southern University of Science and Technology [Shenzhen] (SUSTech)

Subjects
Rift, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, stratigraphy, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Subsidence, breakup, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Breakup, rifting, 01 natural sciences, Unconformity, unconformity, Tectonics, Paleontology, Geophysics, Stratigraphy, Geochemistry and Petrology, Lithosphere, Passive margin, synrift architecture, 14. Life underwater, tectonic architecture, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; Synrift stratigraphy and the distribution of breakup-related erosional unconformities vary vastly between passive margins and cannot be explained by classical rifting models. Here we use numerical modeling to predict their spatiotemporal distribution. We show that synrift stratigraphy mimics rift architecture, which is controlled by lithospheric strength. Basinward rift migration during extension produces (1) oceanward younging, syntectonic and posttectonic sequences, (2) rift migration unconformities, RMUs, predating breakup, and (3) a breakup unconformity, BU, that only extends over the outermost margins, since breakup is not linked with a sudden stress drop. With small synrift sedimentation, the RMUs and BU laterally merge to form a margin-wide unconformity. In symmetric, wide conjugate margins, which arise for weak lithospheres such as the South China Sea, a long phase of distributed deformation with little subsidence results in early synrift sediment over most of the margins. RMUs merge into a single event that marks the subsequent focusing of deformation into a narrow breakup area, which experiences short-lived intense thinning and subsidence. In asymmetric conjugate margins, lateral rift migration transports shallowly deposited, early synrift sediments from the narrow to the wide, hyperextended margin, leading to a condensed syntectonic sequence and a single BU in the narrow margin and a series of RMUs in the wide one. For very weak lower crusts, lateral rift migration generates large synrift sag basins in the wide margin, as in Angola and Congo margins. Our models resemble the observed margins tectonic diversity and may be used as templates for interpreting their distal, unexplored areas.

Published
2020
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14. Local Anomalies in the Column‐Averaged Dry Air Mole Fractions of Carbon Dioxide Across the Globe During the First Months of the Coronavirus Recession

Author

Yilong Wang, Philippe Ciais, Frédéric Chevallier, Bo Zheng, François-Marie Bréon, Grégoire Broquet, Zhu Deng, Zhu Liu, Christopher W. O'Dell, Steven J. Davis, Modélisation INVerse pour les mesures atmosphériques et SATellitaires (SATINV), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Tsinghua University [Beijing] (THU), Department of Earth System Science [Irvine] (ESS), University of California [Irvine] (UC Irvine), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Institute of geographical sciences and natural resources research [CAS] (IGSNRR), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere (CIRA), Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), University of California [Irvine] (UCI), University of California-University of California, and Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Atmospheric Composition and Structure, Carbon Cycling, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Atmospheric sciences, Biogeosciences, 01 natural sciences, Recession, Remote Sensing, chemistry.chemical_compound, Oceanography: Biological and Chemical, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences, Public Issues, media_common, plume, Remote Sensing and Disasters, Plume, Geophysics, Carbon dioxide, Random error, Atmospheric Processes, Troposphere: Composition and Chemistry, The COVID‐19 pandemic: linking health, society and environment, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), media_common.quotation_subject, satellite, Paris Agreement, Column (database), 12. Responsible consumption, Land/Atmosphere Interactions, Research Letter, Geodesy and Gravity, Global Change, OCO‐2, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], emissions, carbon dioxide, Policy Sciences, Legislation and Regulations, Research Letters, Co2 monitoring, Mass Balance, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Satellite, Hydrology, OCO&#8208, Natural Hazards
Abstract

We use a global transport model and satellite retrievals of the carbon dioxide (CO2) column average to explore the impact of CO2 emissions reductions that occurred during the economic downturn at the start of the Covid‐19 pandemic. The changes in the column averages are substantial in a few places of the model global grid, but the induced gradients are most often less than the random errors of the retrievals. The current necessity to restrict the quality‐assured column retrievals to almost cloud‐free areas appears to be a major obstacle in identifying changes in CO2 emissions. Indeed, large changes have occurred in the presence of clouds and, in places that were cloud‐free in 2020, the comparison with previous years is hampered by different cloud conditions during these years. We therefore recommend to favor all‐weather CO2 monitoring systems, at least in situ, to support international efforts to reduce emissions., Key Points Covid‐19 impacted the CO2 column mostly in the vicinity of a few emission locations that changed over time.These places have not been well observed by the OCO‐2 satellite because of frequent or persistent cloud conditions.To support the Paris Agreement on climate, priority should be given on the development of all‐weather carbon‐monitoring systems.

Published
2020
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15. Global Socioeconomic Risk of Precipitation Extremes Under Climate Change

Author

Quansheng Ge, Yanhua Liu, Philippe Ciais, Tao Pan, Yujie Liu, Jie Chen, Josep Peñuelas, Zhang Yuhu, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Gross domestic product, Volcanic Hazards and Risks, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Climate change, RCP scenarios, Disaster Risk Analysis and Assessment, 020701 environmental engineering, Research Articles, lcsh:Environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, media_common, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, lcsh:GE1-350, education.field_of_study, 1. No poverty, Representative Concentration Pathways, Climate Impact, Geography, Purchasing power parity, climate change, Impacts of Global Change, Mathematical Geophysics, Research Article, Persistence, Memory, Correlations, Clustering, precipitation extremes, Inequality, media_common.quotation_subject, Population, 0207 environmental engineering, Volcanology, Socioeconomic risk, Exposure, Extreme Events, lcsh:QH540-549.5, Economic Impacts of Disasters, Global Change, Precipitation, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, education, Socioeconomic status, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Policy Sciences, Climate Impacts, SSP scenarios, Benefit‐cost Analysis, socioeconomic risk, 13. Climate action, Volcano/Climate Interactions, Regional Climate Change, Physical geography, Precipitation extremes, lcsh:Ecology, Hydrology, Natural Hazards
Abstract

Precipitation extremes are among the most serious consequences of climate change around the world. The observed and projected frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation in some regions will greatly influence the social economy. The frequency of extreme precipitation and the population and economic exposure were quantified for a base period (1986–2005) and future periods (2016–2035 and 2046–2065) based on bias corrected projections of daily precipitation from five global climatic models forced with three representative concentration pathways (RCPs) and projections of population and gross domestic product (GDP) in the shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs). The RCP8.5‐SSP3 scenario produces the highest global population exposure for 2046–2065, with nearly 30% of the global population (2.97 × 109 persons) exposed to precipitation extremes >10 days/a. The RCP2.6‐SSP1 scenario produces the highest global GDP exposure for 2046–2065, with a 5.56‐fold increase relative to the base period, of up to (2.29 ± 0.20) × 1015 purchasing power parity $‐days. Socioeconomic effects are the primary contributor to the exposure changes at the global and continental scales. Population and GDP effects account for 64–77% and 78–91% of the total exposure change, respectively. The inequality of exposure indicates that more attention should be given to Asia and Africa due to their rapid increases in population and GDP. However, due to their dense populations and high GDPs, European countries, that is, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands, should also commit to effective adaptation measures., Key Points Global population and GDP exposures are highest for 2046–2065 in RCP8.5‐SSP3 and RCP2.6‐SSP1, 8.46 × 1010 person‐days and 2.29 × 1015PPP $‐daysIncreases in population and GDP are the dominant contributors, accounting for over 60% of future changes in socioeconomic exposureEffective adaptation is urgently needed for some European countries, for example, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and Belgium, and in Asia and Africa

Published
2020
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16. Seismic Evidence for Tectonically Dominated Seafloor Spreading in the Southwest Sub-basin of the South China Sea

Author

Yanlin Wang, Jinchang Zhang, Manuel Pubellier, Yan Qiu, Pin Yan, Matthias Delescluse, Junhui Yu, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (UCAS), Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, Ministry of Land and Resources (MLR), Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS (LGENS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)

Subjects
Poor magmatism, [SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, South china, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Reflection seismic Moho, Thin crust, Southwest Sub-basin of the South China Sea, Partially serpentinized mantle, Structural basin, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Seafloor spreading, Paleontology, Geophysics, Geochemistry and Petrology, 14. Life underwater, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; Seafloor spreading can be explained by different dynamic mechanisms, magmatically or tectonically dominated. The Southwest Sub‐basin, located at the southwest tip of the propagating seafloor spreading of the South China Sea, remains unclear for its spreading regime owing to poor and debated knowledge of the crustal structures. Here two multichannel seismic lines and one oceanic bottom seismometer line across this subbasin are reprocessed and analyzed with focus on crustal imaging. The sediments are usually 0.5–1.0 km thick over the abyssal basin and slightly thicker in the few grabens. The thickest (3.3 km) sediments are found in the fossil spreading center. The basement is fairly rough and highly faulted by ubiquitous crustal faults. The fossil spreading center is characterized by a deep median valley, similar to that of magma‐poor spreading cases. Both multichannel seismic lines show a few intermittent and diffusive reflectors at 1.5‐ to 3.6‐km depth below the fragmented basement. These reflectors, correlating well with the velocities of 6.8–7.2 km/s obtained from velocity inversion of oceanic bottom seismometer data, are interpreted as Moho reflections. Thus, the inferred crustal thickness is only 1.5–3.6 km excluding the sediments, which is much thinner than usual. The underlying mantle with velocities lower than 8.0 km/s might be serpentinized with water infiltration along these crustal faults. Therefore, it is proposed that the spreading of the Southwest Sub‐basin was tectonically dominated.

Published
2018
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17. Contributions of a Strengthened Early Holocene Monsoon and Sediment Loading to Present‐Day Subsidence of the Ganges‐Brahmaputra Delta

Author

Melanie Becker, Valérie Ballu, Z. Khan, Giorgio Spada, C. K. Shum, Steven L. Goodbred, Mikhail Karpytchev, Stéphane Calmant, Yann Krien, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Vanderbilt University [Nashville], Dipartimento di Scienze Pure et Applicate (DiSPea), Università degli Studi di Urbino 'Carlo Bo', Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Earth Sciences, Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), Institute of Geodesy & Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Institute of Water Modelling, ANR-13-JCLI-0002,BAND-AID,Recherche collaborative: Bangladesh Delta: évaluation des causes des risques d'élévation du niveau marin et le développement intégré de la modélisation prédictive de l'atténuation et de l'adaptation(2013), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Karpytchev, M., Ballu, V., Krien, Y., Becker, M., Goodbred, S., Spada, G., Calmant, S., Shum, C. K., and Khan, Z.

Subjects
Delta, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Storm surge, relative sea level change, Structural basin, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Monsoon, 01 natural sciences, land subsidence, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, Sea level, Holocene, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Ganges-Brahmaputra delta, Sediment, sediment loading, Subsidence, 15. Life on land, humanities, Geophysics, Oceanography, 13. Climate action, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Geology
Abstract

The contribution of subsidence to relative sea level rise in the Ganges-Brahmaputra delta (GBD) is largely unknown and may considerably enhance exposure of the Bengal Basin populations to sea level rise and storm surges. This paper focuses on estimating the present-day subsidence induced by Holocene sediment in the Bengal Basin and by oceanic loading due to eustatic sea level rise over the past 18 kyr. Using a viscoelastic Earth model and sediment deposition history based on in situ measurements, results suggest that massive sediment influx initiated in the early Holocene under a strengthened South Asian monsoon may have contributed significantly to the present-day subsidence of the GBD. We estimate that the Holocene loading generates up to 1.6 mm/yr of the present-day subsidence along the GBD coast, depending on the rheological model of the Earth. This rate is close to the twentieth century global mean sea level rise (1.1-1.7 mm/yr). Thus, past climate change, by way of enhanced sedimentation, is impacting vulnerability of the GBD populations. Plain Language Summary This paper estimates the land subsidence induced by sediments deposited in the Bengal Basin and by the sea level rise over the past 18,000 years. The results of numerical modeling demonstrate that the coast of the Ganges-Brahmaputra delta subsides at a rate of about 1-1.6 mm/yr depending on the lithospheric thickness and the Earth mantle viscosity. This is comparable to the rate of global mean sea level rise during the twentieth century. Thus, the intense sedimentation generated by climate changes in the past contributes significantly to the present-day subsidence of the Bengal coast.

Published
2018
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18. Tracing solar wind plasma entry into the magnetosphere using ion-to-electron temperature ratio

Author

Chao Shen, Andrew Fazakerley, Christian Jacquey, Joachim Birn, M. W. Dunlop, David G. Sibeck, Vincent Génot, Matthew Taylor, Junru Shi, C. P. Escoubet, Iannis Dandouras, Benoit Lavraud, Harald U. Frey, Jim Wild, Martin Volwerk, H. Hasegawa, Jonathan Eastwood, Jean Berchem, Zuyin Pu, Steven J. Schwartz, D. Constantinescu, A. P. Rouillard, Evgeny V. Panov, J. E. Borovsky, Y. V. Bogdanova, Centre d'étude spatiale des rayonnements (CESR), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Space Science and Applications, Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Mullard Space Science Laboratory (MSSL), University College of London [London] (UCL), Space Science and Technology Department [Didcot] (RAL Space), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)-Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Research and Scientific Support Department, ESTEC (RSSD), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA)-Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency [Sagamihara] (JAXA), School of Physics and Astronomy [Southampton], University of Southampton, Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics [Los Angeles] (IGPP), University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Institut für Geophysik und Extraterrestrische Physik [Braunschweig] (IGEP), Technische Universität Braunschweig = Technical University of Braunschweig [Braunschweig], Space Sciences Laboratory [Berkeley] (SSL), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IKI), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University [Beijing], School of Science, Huzhou Tearchers College, Center for Space Science and Applied Research [Beijing] (CSSAR), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), GSFC Laboratory for Solar and Space Physics, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Space Research Institute of Austrian Academy of Sciences (IWF), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW), Department of Communication Systems, InfoLab 21, Space Plasma Environment and Radio Science group, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, European Space Agency (ESA)-European Space Agency (ESA), University of California-University of California, and University of California [Berkeley]

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [PHYS.ASTR.EP]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Magnetosphere, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Space Plasma Physics: Transport processes, Magnetosheath, 0103 physical sciences, Magnetospheric Physics: Magnetopause and boundary layers, Interplanetary magnetic field, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Space Plasma Physics: Plasma energization, Physics, Geophysics, Bow shocks in astrophysics, Computational physics, Solar wind, Polar wind, 13. Climate action, Interplanetary Physics: Coronal mass ejections (7513), Physics::Space Physics, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Magnetopause, Magnetospheric Physics: Magnetosheath, Magnetosphere of Jupiter
Abstract

著者人数：25名, Accepted: 2009-08-07, 資料番号: SA1000793000

Published
2009
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