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Cantilevers are one of the most utilized mechanical elements for acoustic sensing. In comparison to the edge clamped diaphragms of different shapes, a single edge clamped cantilever makes an acoustic sensor mechanically sensitive for detection of lower pressure. The aspect ratio of cantilevers is one of the most important parameters which affect sensitivity. Herein, we present a mathematical, finite element method and experimental analysis to determine the effect of the aspect ratio on the resonant frequency, response time, mechanical sensitivity, and capacitive sensitivity of a cantilever-based acoustic pressure sensor. Three cantilevers of different aspect ratios (0.67, 1, and 1.5) have been chosen for sound pressure application to detect capacitance change. The cantilever with the smallest aspect ratio (0.67) has the highest response time (206 ms), mechanical sensitivity, and capacitive sensitivity (22 fF), which reduce after increasing the aspect ratio. The resonant frequency of the cantilever was also analyzed by applying sweep in sound frequency. It was found to be minimum for the cantilever with the smallest aspect ratio (510 Hz) and increases with an increase in the aspect ratio. We have applied the garage fabrication process using low cost, recyclable, and easily available materials such as metal coated polymer sheets, mounting tapes and glass slides as alternative materials for expensive materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiple speckle diffusing wave spectroscopy (MSDWS) can be applied to measure spatially heterogeneous mechanical behavior in soft solids, with high sensitivity to deformation and both spatial and temporal resolution. In this paper, we discuss the mathematical approach behind the quantification of the deformation rate from MSDWS data and provide guidelines for optimizing the selection of experimental parameters in measurements. After validating the method in extensional tests on an elastomer, we provide an example of the potentiality of MSDWS by measuring the spatial distribution of the deformation rate during shear debonding of adhesive tapes. We quantitatively characterize the deformation rate distribution related to shearing and peeling under loading. A highly heterogeneous deformation rate distribution is observed, and time-dependent measurements reveal an increase in deformation localization hundreds of seconds before full debonding. This behavior, previously predicted by theory and simulation, is demonstrated here experimentally for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored the development of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)–honey-gel (PHG) through 3D printing, aiming to develop a multifunctional bio-tape with adhesive and degradable properties. Based on the potential of honey to promote wound healing due to its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, a PVP–honey-based 3D printing ink was developed by combining honey and PVP to create PHG through 3D printing technology that can form a film with strong adhesion and flexibility. First, the chemical–physical properties of PHG and its 3D printing performance were characterized. The line width achievable in 3D printing for the PHG line can extend to ∼100 µm. In addition, the adhesive properties of the PHG film were evaluated by using a 180° peeling test on various materials (glass, copper, wood, and pig skin), highlighting its potential for diverse applications. Finally, the application of the PHG film as a bio-tape was demonstrated through a successful animal experiment on a rabbit's skin wound. Due to its adhesive and degradable properties, the bio-tape exhibited 3D conformability and ease of removal without residue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To obtain molecularly thin flakes via mechanical exfoliation from a bulk layered crystal, the process should be repeated multiple times, but the mathematical principle behind this phenomenon remains unknown. In this paper, we show how the thickness of the MoS2 flake changes with subsequent cleavages of the adhesive tape, with the tests carried out on two widely used dicing tapes and Scotch removable tape. In the beginning, we assumed that with each subsequent tear of the tape, the thickness of the material decreases by half. We discovered that the exfoliated crystal thickness decreases with geometric progress and proposed a formula depicting that phenomenon. In addition, the exfoliated flakes are observed to crumble during the process and the fragmentation factor is discussed as well. Our observations will allow for more efficient estimation of the number of steps required to produce a sample of the desired thickness, relevant for tuning electronic transport properties and optical activity of two-dimensional materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tape, which is the storage of magnetic bits on flexible 0.5" wide media, provides critical data storage needs for the Cloud as evidenced by continued growth in exabyte shipments of tape products. This paper outlines the present storage landscape environment for tape, HDD, and NAND flash, describes the tape roadmap for capacity improvements, and presents recording data on narrow track, 32 channel, TMR tape heads spanning read sensor widths from 1.0 μm to 0.20 μm illustrating the potential for 80 TB cartridge operation. Critically, future improvements in tape areal density and tape cartridge capacity are expected to be achieved from evolutionary developments in head/media technology, not requiring revolutionary developments, such as energy assisted magnetic recording technologies required by HDD strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To obtain molecularly thin flakes via mechanical exfoliation from a bulk layered crystal, the process should be repeated multiple times, but the mathematical principle behind this phenomenon remains unknown. In this paper, we show how the thickness of the MoS2 flake changes with subsequent cleavages of the adhesive tape, with the tests carried out on two widely used dicing tapes and Scotch removable tape. In the beginning, we assumed that with each subsequent tear of the tape, the thickness of the material decreases by half. We discovered that the exfoliated crystal thickness decreases with geometric progress and proposed a formula depicting that phenomenon. In addition, the exfoliated flakes are observed to crumble during the process and the fragmentation factor is discussed as well. Our observations will allow for more efficient estimation of the number of steps required to produce a sample of the desired thickness, relevant for tuning electronic transport properties and optical activity of two-dimensional materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silicon nanowires were characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy with an Al Kα (1486.6 eV) excitation source. The sample was fixed to a stainless-steel sample holder with a copper double-sided adhesive tape. Survey spectrum and C 1s, O 1s, and Si 2p core-level spectra were acquired. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molybdenum deposited on carbon graphene nanowalls was characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy with an Al Kα (1486.6 eV) excitation source. The sample was fixed to a stainless-steel sample holder with copper double-sided adhesive tape. Survey spectrum, C 1s, O 1s, Si 2p, and Mo 3d core levels spectra were acquired. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

γ-alumina (γ-Al2O3) powder was characterized by hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy with an Ag Lα (2984.2 eV) excitation source. The sample was fixed to a stainless-steel sample holder with copper double-sided adhesive tape. Survey spectrum, C 1s, O 1s, Al 1s, Al KLL, Al 2s, and Al 2p core levels spectra were acquired. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silicon dioxide powder was characterized by hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) with an Ag Lα (2984.2 eV) excitation source. The sample was fixed to a stainless-steel sample holder with copper double-sided adhesive tape. Survey spectrum, C 1s, O 1s, Si 1s, Si KLL, Si 2s, and Si 2p core levels spectra were acquired. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paracetamol tablet was analyzed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Sample was fixed to a stainless-steel sample holder with a copper double-sided adhesive tape. Survey spectra, C 1s, O 1s, N 1s, Si 2p, Mg 2s, Mg KLL, and Mg 1s core levels spectra were acquired. Results showed the presence of carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen, elements that constitute the chemical structure of paracetamol; however, these can also be part of the excipients. In addition, silicon and magnesium were detected, which are related to excipients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ammonium perrhenate was characterized using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The specimen is a powder purchased from Sigma Aldrich. The sample was fixed to a stainless-steel sample holder with copper 3MTM double-sided adhesive tape. Survey spectra, Re 4f, O 1s, N 1s, C 1s, Re 4d, and Na 1s core levels spectra were acquired. Results showed how the elements in the structure of ammonium perrhenate are related. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zirconium oxychloride was characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The specimen is a powder purchased from Sigma Aldrich. The sample was fixed to a stainless-steel sample holder with copper 3MTM double-sided adhesive tape. Survey spectra, Zr 3d, O 1s, C 1s, Cl 2p, Zr 3p, Zr 4p, and Cl 2s core levels spectra were acquired. Results showed how the elements in the structure of zirconium oxychloride interact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to characterize cobalt nitrate. The specimen is a powder purchased from Sigma Aldrich and was fixed to a stainless-steel sample holder with copper 3MTM double-sided adhesive tape. Survey spectra and Co 2p, N 1s, O 1s, C 1s, and Co 3p core level spectra were acquired. Results evidenced the chemical surface state and interactions of elements that constitute the cobalt nitrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indium acetate was analyzed using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The specimen is a powder purchased from Sigma Aldrich. The sample was fixed to a stainless-steel sample holder with copper 3MTM double-sided adhesive tape. Survey spectra, In 3d, O 1s, C 1s, In 3p, In MNN, and Cl 2p core levels spectra were acquired. Results showed how the elements in the structure of indium acetate are related. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dipyrone tablet was characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Sample was fixed to a stainless-steel sample holder with copper double-sided adhesive tape. Survey spectra, C 1s, O 1s, N 1s, S 2p, and Na 1s core levels spectra were acquired. The results showed the presence of carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur, elements that constitute the Dipyrone/Metamizole molecule; however, carbon and oxygen are also found in the excipients (other ingredients). In addition, sodium was detected, which is associated with excipients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zeolite Linde type A powder was characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Sample was fixed to a stainless-steel sample holder with a copper double-sided adhesive tape. The spectra of survey spectra, C 1s, O 1s, Na 1s, Al 2p, and Si 2p, core levels were acquired. Results showed the presence of carbon, oxygen, aluminum, and silicon, elements that constitute the aluminosilicate molecule. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rise of low-temperature atomic layer deposition (ALD) has made it very attractive to produce high- κ dielectric for flexible electronic devices. Similarly, selective deposition of ALD films is of great relevance for circuitry. We demonstrated a simple method of using a physical mask to block the film's growth in selected polymeric and flexible substrate areas during a low-pressure ALD process. A low-cost silicone adhesive polyimide tape was used to manually mask selected areas of bare substrates and aluminum strips deposited by evaporation. 190 cycles of aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3) and hafnium oxide (HfO 2) were deposited at temperatures ranging from 100 to 250 ° C. Using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), we showed that the mask was effective in protecting the areas under the tape. The mask did not show any modification of shape for an exposure of 10 h at 250 ° C, hence keeping the form of the masked area intact. An analysis of the unmasked area by ellipsometry (632.8 nm) and x ray shows a regular film with a thickness variation under 2 nm for a given temperature and constant refractive index. EDS, selected-area XPS, and imaging XPS show an evident change of elemental content at the interface of two areas. By XPS, we established that the structure of the films was not affected by the mask, the films were stoichiometric, and there was no effect of outgassing from the adhesive film. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Loratadine tablet was characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The sample was fixed to a stainless-steel sample holder with copper double-sided adhesive tape. Survey spectra, C 1s, O 1s, N 1s, Cl 2p, and Na 1s core levels spectra were acquired. Results showed the presence of carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and chlorine, elements that constitute the loratadine molecule; however, carbon and oxygen are also found in the excipients (other ingredients). In addition, sodium was detected, which is associated with excipients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ciprofloxacin tablet was characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The sample was fixed to a stainless-steel sample holder with copper double-sided adhesive tape. Survey spectrum, C 1s, O 1s, N 1s, F 1s, Cl 2p, Mg 1s, and Si 2p core levels spectra were acquired. The results point out the presence of carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and fluorine elements that constitute the ciprofloxacin; however, carbon and oxygen are also found in other ingredients (excipients). Additionally, chlorine, silicon, and magnesium were also detected, which are related with excipients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An ibuprofen tablet was characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The sample was fixed to a stainless-steel sample holder with a copper double-sided adhesive tape. Survey spectra, C 1s, O 1s, N 1s, Si 2p, and Na 1s core level spectra were acquired. The results showed the presence of carbon and oxygen, elements that are part of the chemical structure of ibuprofen; however, these can also be part of the excipients. In addition, nitrogen, silicon, and sodium were detected, which are associated with excipients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sildenafil tablet was analyzed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Sample was fixed to a stainless-steel sample holder with a copper double-sided adhesive tape. Survey spectrum, C 1s, O 1s, N 1s, S 2p, Si 2p, Mg 1s, and Na 1s core levels spectra were acquired. Results showed the presence of carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur, elements that constitute sildenafil; however, carbon and oxygen are also found in other ingredients (excipients). Additionally, the presence of silicon, sodium, and magnesium is associated with excipients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Niobium (V) ethoxide was characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The specimen is a powder purchased from Sigma Aldrich. The sample was fixed to a stainless-steel sample holder with a copper double-sided adhesive tape. Survey spectra, Nb 3d, O 1s, C 1s, Nb 3p, Nb 4p, O 2s core levels, and valence band spectra were acquired. Results showed how the elements in the niobium ethoxide structure are bonded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bismuth (III) acetate was analyzed using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The specimen is a powder purchased from Sigma Aldrich. The sample was fixed to a stainless-steel sample holder with copper 3MTM double-sided adhesive tape. Survey spectra, Bi 4f, O 1s, C 1s, Bi 4d, Bi 5d, Bi 6s core levels, and valence band spectra were acquired. The results showed how the elements in the structure of bismuth acetate are related. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dispersing liquid metal droplets in a soft elastomer matrix yields a composite, called liquid metal embedded elastomer (LMEE), with less modified stiffness but noticeably increased relative permittivity. Stretching and applying voltage through the thickness of the elastomer composite directly, it is vulnerable to the loss of being an insulator due to the conductive pathway formed during prestretching. Here, we describe a very simple sandwich structure that enables electromechanical actuation of LMEE. It consists of two very high bonding tapes as skins and a layer of LMEE as the core, making the sandwich all polymeric and thus stretchable. The electromechanical performance of a LMEE made of Ecoflex and Galinstan at various mass ratios was systematically measured. For a typical circular actuation made of the sandwich structure, a 90% areal actuation strain was achieved. Our efforts pave the way for various applications of LMEE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cadmium selenide was analyzed using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The specimen is a powder purchased from Chemsavers. The sample was fixed to a stainless-steel sample holder with copper 3MTM double-sided adhesive tape. Survey spectra, Cd 3d, Se 3d, O 1s, Cd 3p, Cd MNN, Se LMM, Se 3p, C 1s, and Cd 4d core level along with the valence band spectra were recorded. Results point out a stoichiometry of 0.95 on surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the commercial coated conductor tapes, the twinned structure of REBCO (REBa2Cu3O7-d, RE = Y and Gd) is characterized as either <100> or <110> orientation based on the tape length direction. In this study, we investigate the effects of the two different twinned structures on the critical current Ic of the REBCO tapes by combining; transport critical current and synchrotron radiation diffraction measurements. For the tapes with <100> oriented twins, we observed the inverted parabolic strain behavior on the uniaxial strain dependence of Ic. In contrast, the ones with <110> oriented twins showed a weak strain behavior without any maximum appeared in the strain dependence. Such a different uniaxial strain dependence was analyzed by using the one-dimensional twin model with different fractional lengths of A-domains and B-domains of REBCO twins. This model explains the essential features of the different uniaxial strain dependence we observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]