Search

The Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) change can potentially propagate the hydrological alteration and cause severe hydro-meteorological disasters (such as landslide, flood or flash flood, or drought) that potentially occurred around the watershed areas. LULC change assessment in long time series is the primer step to evaluate and better manage the sustainability of natural resources. In this study, the Landsat images (dated from 1970 to 2020) were used as the primary input to calculate the LULC change in the Bedadung watershed. The Watershed (1002,85 km2) covers about 30% of the Jember regency area. The City of Jember is located in the middle of the Watershed. This study use Landsat 1 MSS, Landsat 5 TM, Landsat 7 ETM+, Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS captured from 1972 to 2020 as main input. The images data are processed using open-source image processing software. Furthermore, classification processes apply to produce LULC maps of 1972, 1997, 2002, 2017, and 2020. The LULC change is analysed by comparing the area extent occupied for eight LULC classes (i.e., built-up or pavement areas; paddy field; heterogeneous agricultural land; dense vegetation; sparse vegetation; barren land/sand/rock; shrubland; and water body. The results show that the change of pavement area slightly increased (by 3,63 % average) from 1972 to 1997 (25 years), and then increased significantly by 9,59% (average per year) from the period 1997 to 2020 (23 years). However, a very significant change was observed from 2017 to 2020, by 16,49% a year. The pavement area has increased significantly in the City of Jember during the last years and shows the rate of LULC change resulting from human-induced activities (i.e., residential use, industrial sites, road, and city infrastructures). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land use and land cover (LULC) and climate change (CC) will determine the dominant effect of the hydrological processes on the watershed. The two phenomena may alter hydrological processes on the watershed. The impact may be observed as erosion, sedimentation, landslide, flood, or drought that more frequently occurs on significant magnitudes. The assessment of LULC change is a crucial step to managing our environment. In this context, the Landsat image is a well-suited satellite to analyse the LULC change already proved by many researchers worldwide. In this study, the Landsat images (dated from 1970 to 2020) were exploited as the primary input to calculate the LULC change in Mayang Watershed. The Mayang watershed (1,110.14 km2) covers about 33% of the Jember regency. This watershed subject to regular floods and drought during the last decades. This study use landsat 1 MSS, Landsat 5 TM, Landsat 7 ETM+, Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS captured from 1972 to 2020 as main input. The images data are processed using the procedure of image treatment using open-source image processing software. In this case, the well-known pixel-based classification algorithm (i.e., Gaussian maximum likelihood classification) applies to produce LULC maps of 1972, 1997, 2002, 2017, and 2020. The LULC change is analysed by comparing the area extent of eight LULC classes (i.e., built-up (pavement) areas; paddy field; heterogeneous agricultural land; Dense vegetation; sparse vegetation; barre land/sand/rock; shrubland; and water body. The results show that the pavement area change slightly increased from 1972 to 1997, and then exponentially increased from 1997 to 2020 by 7,5% per year. The rapid change in pavement areas shows how human activities have influenced the watershed during the last 30 years. This rapid change also affects significantly the area occupied for paddy fields and decreases proportionally the area occupied for heterogeneous agricultural land. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]