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Power quality, an essential issue in electricity, needs to be considered. One of the power quality problems is the power factor's wrong value. When a system has a wrong power factor value that can cause a voltage drop and increase power losses, because of that power factor value must be controlled. This research aims to raise and maintain the power factor value of an electrical power system. This research uses a static var compensator (SVC) to raise and maintain the power factor value to stay on the threshold. SVC is an electrical device that can compensate for reactive power in a system. Hence, SVC is needed so that it can keep the balance of the reactive power in a system. SVC can inject reactive power into the system by controlling thyristor gate firing time. SVC, used in this research, is a fixed capacitor and thyristor-controlled reactor (FC-TCR) based on fuzzy logic control (FLC). In the simulation, the system on load without SVC FC-TCR shows a power factor value of 0.79. Meanwhile, SVC FC-TCR is connected with the system, and the power factor value increases to 0.977. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrical system operation continuously approaches the stability threshold due to the demand growth over time. The continued of demand growth overtime can cause a voltage drop makes system becomes unstable. Placement of flexible alternating current transmission (FACTS) is an alternative to improve load margin of the system also improve the voltage profile of the system. The types of FACTS are unified power flow controller (UPFC), static var compensator (SVC), thyristor-controlled series capacitors (TCSC) and static synchronous series compensator (SSSC) respectively. The authors compare several FACTS on improving the stability of the tested system by improving their voltage profile in IEEE 14 bus test system. Using sensitivity index by performed continuation power flow (CPF) to know the placement of FACTS device is proposed. It is proven that the placement of FACTS in the system can improve system stability and reliability by increasing the voltage profile and loading margin. The placement of the UPFC in critical bus of IEEE 14 Bus system increase the maximum loading parameter by 0.22 p.u. (7.99%) and improve the voltage profile of bus 14 by 0.23 p.u. (34.86%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the voltage profile and reduce power losses in industrialization, one of the methods is by compensating for reactive power in the system, namely, installing a Static VAR Compensator (SVC) and setting the SVC reactive power injection value into an 11 kV distribution system to obtain an optimization value determined by simulation using ETAP software, fast decoupled load flow method, and simulation process with a trial-and-error approach. The 38th simulation produces the effect of changes in the value of SVC reactive power injection, namely a voltage drop of 150 Volt on each 11 kV bus, decreasing the reactive power of 3 kVar on Bus101 and 34 kVar on Bus102, reducing active power losses of 0.8 kW on Bus101 and 3.5 kW on Bus102 and reducing reactive power losses of 0.5 kVar on Bus101 and 3.1 kVar on Bus102. The value required for SVC minimum reactive power injection while still achieving improved working voltage profile and reduced power losses in the system is 0 kVar. The error values in this simulation are the phase voltage difference of 119 Volt or 1.07%, the difference in the active power of -1.459 MW or -8.15%, the difference in reactive power of 0.655 MVar 12.29%, and the difference in factor power of -2.8 or -2.92%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, electric power generation (active and reactive power) is usually transmitted over long distances to consumers. The losses of power in transmission lines are always present due to the impedance of lines. The correction of the power factor (pf) has become a necessity to regulate both the flowing of reactive power and voltage levels of the electric power system. Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems (FACTS) are modern controller instruments, used to improve work performance and reduce losses in the network. In this paper, the use of a shunt static VAR Compensator (SVC) was studied to improve the power flow, which means the improvement of the power factor of the grid lines. A MATLAB model was simulated to calculate the amount of capacitive or inductive reactive power that is required for compensating. Also, the correction has been taken under various loads and different locations of the SVC along the AC line. The obtained results of compensation methods were analyzed and showed a high correction for power factor by a percentage of ninety-eight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Static VAr compensators (SVCs) are one of the types of FACTs devices which can control the transmission line voltages. A SVC generally regulates and controls voltage to the required set point under the normal steady-state conditions as well as abnormal conditions. In addition, a SVC can also reduce losses, increase transfer capability and maintain a constant voltage. The stepped distance protection is used for the protection of long transmission line. The distance relay continuously measured the impedance of transmission line in terms of distance. The apparent impedance measured by the distance relay is also affected due to presence of static VAr compensator. This paper represents the modeling and simulation analysis of stepped distance protection along with static VAr compensator. A detailed model of SVC is proposed which is integrated into 230kV and 300km long transmission line system. Simulation results show the effect of SVC on stepped distance protection operation during the different kind of abnormal condition. In this paper represents the impact of SVC on relay load ability limit; the setting of SVC control parameter and mode of operation for SVC is taken in to consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Power loss and voltage drop occurred when the transmission line in loading condition caused by the current flow through impedence and its effect is to lower the performance of the transmisson line. Application of static var compensator (SVC) and capacitor bank as a way to improve the voltage profile and power loss. In this study, the two types of equipment were used to increase the performance of the transmission line with case study 150 kV Nort Sumatra of electric power transmission line. The simulation results using ETAP version 12.6 software show that after the installation of SVC and Bank capacitors, not only does the voltage on the installed bus system increase but also improves the voltage across the bus and reduces the number of system losses. From the simulation results before installing SVC, it is obtained losses decreased from 48.4656 MW to 43.1941 MW or 10.87%. Overall, the installation of capacitor bank losses decreased from 48.4656 MW to 43.5499 MW or as much as 10.14%. Based on simulation result, SVC and Capacitor Bank improved voltage profiles in transmission system. The simulation results can be concluded that to reduce the number of system losses it is more effective to install capacitors than SVC in the transmission system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Static VAR compensator (SVC) is the device widely used in many applications. There are transmission and distribution losses like variation in reactive power, distortion in power and current, instability of voltage and so on. The main feature of SV is its dynamic reaction which aids to recover from the losses. This paper mainly focuses on the applications of the SVC in various field such as balancing the distribution system, compensating reactive power in high-penetration, no-storage wind-diesel (HPNSWD) systems longitudinal power systems and so on. The application areas and the use of SVC is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The power quality issues area unit augmenting day by day thanks to the expansion of loading necessities. With the advancement of technology, the facility quality issues are often handled expeditiously by versatile electricity transmission (FACTS) devices like distribution static shunt synchronous compensator, static var reactive compensator, static synchronous series compensator, unified power flow controller etc. These FACTS devices provides solutions for power quality problems with the assistance of shunt device D-STATCOM which reinforces the facility quality by variable varied parameters of the system. The mathematical logic managemental is employed for the control purpose of the D-STATCOM. The performance of D-STATCOM with controller is evaluated with totally different load conditions: R-L load, linear load, nonlinear load and dynamic load. By incorporating D-STATCOM the voltage profile of distribution system are often greatly improved. A MATLAB Simulink model of D-STATCOM is planned that demonstrates the management of active and reactive power and thence maintains the voltage profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Demand for electricity is increasing rapidly, the consequence of this is a threat to the stability of the electrical system, one of which is the voltage stability. FACTS or flexible alternating current transmission system is an electronic equipment capable of regulating electrical power transmission that can be used to overcome stability problems. This research will analyze the use of SVC and STATCOM as an equipment model from FACTS to overcome the stability of the electric power system on the most critical buses. Simulations were carried out using PSAT using case studies: a 500 kV Java-Bali network. Then the stability of the voltage is observed using the help of the PV curve which can show the value of the voltage conditions in each operating condition. SVC installation in the Java-Bali 500 kV case does not reduce the active power losses or reactive power, but also the addition of length λ is 0.233 p.u. (6.01%) and compared to the addition of length λ at STATCOM of 0.149 p.u. (3.85%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper incorporates the simulation analysis of Cascade H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter (CHBMLI) with two different pulse width modulation techniques. One used a pure sinusoidal reference wave and the other used a third harmonic injected resultant reference wave. Both the reference signals operate under different amplitude modulation conditions which are Over Modulation, Linear Modulation and Under Modulations. The Cascade H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter has been simulated in MATLAB/Simulink to observe the performance parameters such as inverter output RMS line and phase voltages and currents. Also, the input DC voltage of the Cascade H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter has been varied to evaluate under which condition the inverter output line voltage is Standard Low Voltage level of Malaysia which is 400V for three phase system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary point of this undertaking is to at accomplish FACTS by utilizing TSR where represents Thyristor Switch Reactance. It is performed when there is extremely low burden at getting end while charging the transmission line. Because of the presence of low burden, little current moves through transmission line so the shunt capacitance turns out to be more significant. Because of this voltage intensification or Ferranti Effect happens and the voltage at getting end expands twice when contrasted with the voltage at sending end. Thus to redress, we use shunt inductors which are naturally associated across the transmission line. To foster this venture it's anything but an operational speaker that creates driving time between zero voltage heartbeat and zero current heartbeat. Subsequently lead time is given to two interfere with pins of microcontroller of 8051 family. The customized microcontroller then conveys messages to shunt reactors for remunerating the voltage. Hence SCRs orchestrated in arrangement interfaced with microcontroller through optical segregation are utilized for exchanging reactor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renewable energy generation is becoming more popular in recent years. The most important part of this energy system is the DC-AC power converter. There are many types of power converters. Since the PV system supplies multiple DC sources from solar cells, the suitable type that's used in the PV system is the Multilevel Converters (MLCs). Another advantage of using MLC is that it gives a rated output voltage without using step-up transformers as well. Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of the terminal voltage and load current decreases without using the PWM technique, because the output is in stairway form as compared with the traditional single stage square wave converter that has a high THD. This paper focuses on the cascaded Multilevel-DC Link (ML-DCL) converter-case study (seven levels) modeling, simulation, and practical implementation. As compared with the traditional types of MLCs, the ML-DCL converter can considerably decrease the number of power semiconductor switches, especially when the voltage levels increase to more than five. Simulation results using MATLAB Simulink are presented to confirm the performance of the cascaded ML-DCL converter and then experimentally validated using the Arduino board and the prototype circuit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the most utilization of power electronic devices with renewable energy sources increase the harmonic level in current and voltage. Because of harmonics, the delivered power quality is affected. In literature, Power Quality (PQ) mitigation methods are available which fails to enhance the performance at critical load conditions. Hence, in this paper, the Seagull Optimization Algorithm (SOA) based Z Source Inverter (ZSI) is utilized to empower real power by compensating the reactive power requirement in the grid-connected Photovoltaic (PV) structure. The ZSI can be controlled with the assistance of the SOA algorithm which completely mitigates PQ problems. The main objective of the projected methodology is to compensate reactive power transfer and empower real power in a grid-connected PV structure. The projected methodology is utilized to manage the voltage in addition current through the ZSI in the grid- connected PV system. The projectedtechnique is executed in the MATLAB/Simulink platform and performances were evaluated. The proposed methodology can be compared with conventional methods such as Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO), respectively. The proposed methodology is validated by real and reactive power, voltage, current and frequency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrical power is indispensable for each industry. To save energy cost, enchased safety and to maintain a strategic distance from power outage unsettling influence, the management of power is important.Industrial plants require a stable and advanced electrical net-work. There are various techniques for reactive power management which are being adopted for transmission and distribution of electric power from the utility side, but this is very important for the consumers also to manage this power in terms of better power factor, which directly relates to the monetary and power saving. This can be achieved by proper selection and installation of electrical equipment during industrial establishment. In this research article the old system of electrical installation for an inductive load of 1543 kilowatt and 650 kvar at an average power factor of 0.72 are suggested to modify by the new installations, whose equipment specifications are based on a desired power factor of 0.95. The total current of 1279.36 amperes taken by this inductive load is divided into ten branches. To manage the reactive power components of each branch, the selections of equipment are carried out with the help of eta PRO software. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rising population and increasing energy demand, consumption of energy is increasing day by day. While from generation point of view as of today, we are depending mostly on coal powered power plants. But then again energy extraction from fossil fuels will be depleted if some other alternate ways are not found out. Non-conventional energy can provide a solution to it but the amount of energy extraction is less hence on this context, energy conservation is the need of the time. It is a measure to reduce, reuse and change our consumption pattern such that bulk energy usage can be sustained without going to energy crisis situation. The conservation scheme aims to reduce greenhouse emissions and saves our energy bills. Hence energy efficient systems are beneficial to both mankind and environment. This paper is aimed to present the energy saving calculations for different energy conservation projects in KIIT, Deemed to be University.In this case study two consecutive years and the difference in the amount of energy consumed and energy saved in terms of money is clearly indicated. Adopting various energy conservation methods KIIT has saved 15.32 lakh kilowatt hour of energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the high-temperature superconductivity (HTS) maglev system, the levitation gap is affected by the field distribution on the permanent guideway. A changing gap leads to the instability of thrust of linear induction motor (LIM) without a suitable controller. In order to improve the stability of the LIM thrust, a controller with a double closed-loop pulse-width modulated rectifier is designed in this paper. The designed controller works to compensate the thrust fluctuation caused by the inconstant suspension height through adjusting the inverter’s bus-voltage according to the variable gap. In addition, the performances of the controller in two typical working conditions are validated by Matlab/Simulink. One is the case that the air gap is 25% lower with step function, and the other is the case that the gap is 40% lower with curvilinear function. The simulation results prove that this controller can ensure a stable thrust to satisfy the HTS maglev system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper presents Genetic Algorithm (GA) based approach for the allocation of FACTS devices for the improvement of Power transfer capacity in an interconnected Power System. Simulations are done on IEEE 30 BUS System. The result obtained by the GA (Genetic Algorithm) approach is compared with that of obtained by PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) method. The comparison shows how the system performance can be greatly improved with the GA based proposed approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]