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In order to enhance the efficiency of the photovoltaic module, a sun concentration and cooling technique is being used in this research. Standard polycrystalline photovoltaic module, photovoltaic module with active cooling system as well as concentrated photovoltaic (C-PV module) and a cooling C-PV system were used in the experiments. On the 5th and 6th of November, the experiments were carried out in Baghdad, Iraq. The photovoltaic panel's frontal water flow serves as the cooling system using evaporative cooling. When compared to a standard PV module, the average power output and maximum power output from the C-PV system is increased by 23.6% and 28.3%. Furthermore, the C-PV system and the C-PV system with cooling technique have an average increase in electrical efficiency of 7 percent and 9 percent, respectively. In comparison to the other three configurations, the C-PV with the cooling system produced significantly more energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nonlinear system of a photovoltaic (PV) module was studied in this article. For PV panel temperature prediction, three types of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) time series are used: Nonlinear Autoregressive with External Input (NARX), Nonlinear Autoregressive (NAR), and Nonlinear Input-Output modeling. The model's input data parameters were (ambient temperature, humidity, wind speed, and irradiance), while the model's output data parameter was the temperature of the photovoltaic panel. All modeling techniques are evaluated using Mean Square Error (MSE), and their results are compared to determine which technique is the best. The results indicated that the MSE for the NARX method was 0.1196, while the MSE for the NAR and nonlinear input-output methods were 0.1385 and 0.2806, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the comparison between the treatment process using the conventional wire-EDM and the unconventional CNC milling machine in terms of surface finish and dimensional accuracy of the product. The design process was simulated using SolidWorks software for two mechanical parts (Cam and Spinner). These are considered important parts in manufacturing, used to convert rotational motion into linear motion, which depends on the high-quality surface and dimensional accuracy and finishing. Scientific parameters of WEDM were improved through initialization experiments and analysis by surface finish ratio and dimensional accuracy. These parameters for both machines were adopted on experimental work carried out during this research to choose the best inputs for this process to obtain high surface quality. Selected two samples were tested for surface quality and dimensional accuracy, which were used as criteria to evaluate the process. The results show that the surface finish of the products processed by the CNC milling machine is better than the product on WEDM. A WEDM is more accurate than a CNC milling machine in terms of dimensional accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a process established to enhance the construction project efficiency. It has been used in Malaysia and globally especially in the construction sectors. There has been a gradual acceptance of Malaysia construction industry stakeholders especially in the Peninsular in the uptake of BIM implementation. However, in Sarawak itself, this point turns out to be much more burdensome as the development projects in the state turns out to be more branched out and complex. Research shows on BIM uptake in Sarawak and Sabah lagging at a low 6% as compared to Peninsular of 78% in the central region only. Thus, this research objectives are to investigate the challenges faced by industry stakeholders in implementing BIM and also to explore on the drivers that increases the usage of BIM Sarawak construction industry. The virtual semi-structured interview sessions target the policy makers such as Public Works Department (JKR) and contractors from G6 to G7 in Kuching, Sarawak. The data obtained will be analysed using a qualitative content analysis technique supported by matrix table method. The challenges to BIM implementation are lack of readiness in BIM implementation, lack of manpower and special equipment's for BIM and lastly, BIM training, courses and software are costly. The driving factors of the BIM implementations are to improve organizations collaboration, to boost and enhance company capability in technology and mandatory rule imposed by the government to implement BIM. This research is significant to spearhead initiatives by tackling the challenges and generate better driving factors for BIM implementations especially in Sarawak construction industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Facial palsy (FP) is an inflammation or disorder of the seventh nerve that leads to sagging of the facial muscles on the affected side and loss of control over movements and expressions. All ages and genders are susceptible to this disease. The medical diagnosis of this disease is prone to errors because it is based on the doctor's visual observation. Deep learning based technologies are the perfect solution for real-time FP detection. This study used a set of pre-trained deep learning based models including ResNet, AlexNet, DenseNet, GoogleNet and VGG16, to detect in real time FP, age and gender using a Raspberry Pi equipped with a digital camera. The accuracy obtained in the proposed system reaches 98% by using a wide variety of data consisting of 20,600 images, which includes 19,000 normal images and 1,600 images of persons with FP with different side of the injury. Thus, the proposed detection system can be considered as an effective and high accurate diagnostic system for FP, age and gender detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dysphagia is regarded as one of the most typical adverse effects of head and neck cancer or as a result of cancer therapy. The majority of HNC patients have trouble swallowing, particularly those receiving radiation or chemotherapy. Additionally, 38% to 46% of individuals with HNC may have long-term dysphagia. The purpose of the current study is to ascertain the prevalence of dysphagia in patients diagnosed with HNC. A descriptive, cross-sectional design was used to accomplish the goals of the current study, a non-probability (heterogeneous-purposeful sampling) method is used to pick 91 patients with head and neck cancer. Three components make up the study tool: demographic and clinical information on the participants; the Gugging Swallowing Screen (GUSS), which measures difficulties swallowing for patients with HNC. According to the study's findings, dysphagia affects 84.7% of patients, and there is a substantial correlation among dysphagia and the patient's clinical and demographic information. The current study came to the conclusion that (HNC) can result in dysphagia, which can be impacted by the location, prognosis, and therapy of the malignancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, frictional servo actuator systems are discussed, along with the application of an adaptive sliding mode control in such systems. There are a number of benefits to using adaptive sliding mode control rather than the more common sliding mode approach: primarily, the control effort is scaled back to an acceptable amount determined by the constraints on the sliding mode, though it also makes it unnecessary to know beforehand how high the limits of uncertainty are. The adaptive sliding mode control technique thus works well; however, to verify the efficacy of the proposed robust adaptive sliding mode control strategy, a numerical simulation was conducted in MATLAB for a servo actuator system with friction. When the results were compared to the results produced using traditional sliding mode control, it was clear that the control efforts were lowered and the chattering intensity was attenuated, while the major positive features of the traditional sliding mode control were retained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some children have problems concentrating and difficulty in using their hands for basic daily activities due to a condition known as ataxia, which has many causes. The impact of this thus varies from case to case. The idea underlying the current work is to design and manufacture a technological device inspired by traditional occupational therapy that can function in a toy-like manner while allowing users to improve their hand-eye coordination and focus, thus enabling affected children to be able to take better care of themselves and become more active members of society in time. The proposed device consists of a small lap desk, an electronic unit, thirteen LED buttons in four different colours, and a glove with five LEDs on each fingertip. The LED lights on the lap desk are turned on randomly, and the matching LED on one of the fingertips should then be turned on by the user. This product trains the brain, seeking to improve hand-eye coordination by repeated selection and activation of the appropriate button on the lap desk to match the colour on the glove, and pressing the button. A software program was therefore designed to create random runs of colour groups to ensure the brain is trained to respond quickly rather than memorising colour sequences. The device has shown effective initial results in terms of accelerating the learning and rehabilitation process, and, due to the current lack of technology use in occupational therapy in the treatment of ataxia, the response speed of standard sessions is relatively slow. The utility of the proposed device lies in its ability to develop and accelerate cognitive assistance to help mitigate the impact of this condition, leading those with ataxia to a stage where they can become self-reliant in less time than traditional methods of occupational therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, A new method to achieve the exact solution of a special type of linear partial differential equations (LPDEs) will be introduce which involving mixed partial derivatives. This method is called the Laplace substitution method (LSM), This method is used to solve Poisson equation and the results are compared with other methods. Three examples are presented to explain the simplicity and reliability of this method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research activities are becoming increasingly challenging for educators in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). Obtaining a research grant is increasingly competitive. Proposal constructions need to be robust and researchable. One of the significant criteria in a research proposal is budget allocation. This study highlights the importance and usefulness of a dynamic budget template known as KKPLive Budget in assisting researchers in preparing a dynamic budget. A mixed-method approach was used to evaluate the usability, practicality, and stability of the KKPLive Budget. While quantitative research was used to examine evaluators' assessments of the KKPLive Budget, qualitative research was used to gauge evaluators' views about the KKPLive Budget. Data were collected from 12 second-year university students enrolled in the Bachelor of Accounting (Information Systems) programme who served as evaluators. The findings suggest that the KKPLive Budget is highly reliable in usability, practicality, and stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the IoT (Internet of Things) plays a crucial role in many requirements of daily life, where healthcare, safety, security, and energy management are considered some of the most significant applications that rely on IoT in their operation. One of these requirements is to perform a smart home that can be controlled by a smartphone, to operate and switch off the electrical or electronic devices and sensors. This can be executed depending on the IoT capabilities to simulate and operate a smart home. This paper focused on practical home automation that involves several devices like a webcam, humidifier, ceiling fan, air conditioner, etc. By using some sensors and devices, the designed smart home is controlled and monitored. The findings revealed that smart devices and sensors can be easily added to the home gateway; additionally, this system will make real-life easier and more comfortable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The process of the power conversion increases harmonics and losses and reduces the stability of the power. New technology of multilevel inverter can be used to overcome disadvantages of traditional inverters. Multilevel inverter technologies have recently gained popularity as a cost-effective alternative for a variety of industrial applications. This topology has a few noteworthy properties, including lower component, lower switching losses, and better output voltage/current waveform. The reduction of harmonic components in the inverter output voltage/current is the most important requirement in multilevel inverters. The system suggested in this study is made up of four separate renewable energy sources. Three PV solar systems with voltages of (1:3:4)E values and wind-turbine of 2E value are recommended. The total dc sources were combined are (1:2:3:4)E to produce a 21-level output voltage. Also the system is designed to produce 17-level in the case of absence wind. The system is designed using MATLAB program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to demonstrate the role of the chartered accountant in studying the laws relating to the phenomenon of money laundering and its application in Iraqi government banks, which is reflected in financial sustainability. With a review of the Iraqi laws enacted to combat money laundering and the mechanism for their application through the existence of sound and good accounting and control systems, especially after the expansion of this phenomenon globally in the context of globalization, the escalation of the information revolution, telecommunications technology, the lack of transparency in commercial transactions and the weakness of laws and regulations established by the State to reduce them. The research proceeded from a problem of knowing the role of the chartered accountant in studying the laws relating to the phenomenon of money laundering and the extent of their application in Iraqi government banks to achieve financial sustainability in (Rafidain Bank Right Side 217) Sample Search, Based Search to Basic Hypothesis, The chartered accountant has a role in studying the laws on the phenomenon of money laundering and its application in Iraqi banks to achieve financial sustainability. The research has reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which are, although many regulators are involved in the fight against money laundering, the accountant and the legal auditor have a role to play in studying laws and legislation relating to the fight against money laundering, because in the list of those who discover the anomalies in the movement of money and that is the nature of their profession and their good qualification to achieve financial sustainability in banks. There are no legislation and laws that preserve the rights of banks that report suspicious money-laundering that relates to the confidentiality of data and information they send to those entities even if the data are preserved, because the suspicion of money-laundering is not established. The research recommended the need to seek a mechanism binding on all banks and financial institutions. by establishing specialized anti-money laundering teams, following up on the sale and purchase of securities and introducing employees into banking institutions in international courses to identify modern methods used by perpetrators when committing money-laundering, as well as to develop banking secrecy laws, To establish an effective and robust oversight mechanism to monitor banking companies deployed in Iraq for the purpose of regulating their operations and removing them from money-laundering operations. Monitoring the movement of liquidity and researchers used a tool for this study a questionnaire form (questionnaire) designed on the basis of a quinquennial Licert scale and analyzed by the statistical program (SPSS). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is an urgent need to preserve the environment in sustainable ways and to pay attention to the quality of life that leads to preserving the quality of human life because it represents a kind of natural wealth that is important for the continuation of life in any city. Sustainable infrastructure services are among the most important services that help provide a healthy and safe environment and enhance Economic and social development and increase happiness in the city. Therefore, it is an important need for the development of urban areas, and it is an important element for developing cities and achieving their urban sustainability. This research deals with the issue of sustainable infrastructure services in cities and deals with sustainable transportation as one of the most important infrastructure elements that are directly linked to the sustainability and prosperity of cities. Transport affects many aspects of daily life and the quality of life for mobile communities. Hence, the importance of sustainable transportation and its impact on the quality of life emerges. Therefore, the research aims to demonstrate the importance of sustainable transportation services in providing effective, safe, and healthy means of transportation for individuals and goods, while achieving sustainability in economic activity and its integration with the natural environment. This research took the interview approach as a method of application and measurement of the elected sample. As for the approach followed, it is a qualitative exploratory approach, where the research problem is represented in the research on how to apply sustainable services represented by sustainable transport in cities, where the research concluded that sustainable transport services are one of the most important services for the growth of any city and upgrading it to be of high quality and its environmental and economic prosperity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objectives of this study are to inspect structural member of bridge to identify any damage in these members, to analyze the internal forces in designed and service stage by adopting static analysis, to determine bending moment, vertical shear force, axial force, tensile stress, compression stress, and vertical deflection under effect of dead load, prestressed load, moving load, temperature load, and combination of these loads, to evaluate the structural performance of bridge structure. Bata bridge was selected as case study in this study which was located in Babylon province near center of Hilla city. Ver. 24 is used in the analysis of bridge structure model for static. The inspection process of structural damages for bridge structure show that there are many damages in the old bridge especially in the concrete deck, expansion joints, and abutments structure. The results of analysis showed that the span No. 1 of bridge structure suffers from higher values of positive bending moment, tensile stress, and downward vertical deflection than others spans, and lower values of compression stress and negative bending moment. After improvement of prestressed tendons, the values of vertical deflection of bridge structure were decreased by more than 50% according to values before improvement. In general, the structural performance of old bridge structure need to improve by using some methods of repairing and strengthening to decrease the tensile stress and downward vertical deflection. External prestressing tendons is suitable method in the state of old bridge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Managing IoT networks is complicated due to the increasing number of devices in the network. Furthermore, several challenges are raised regarding communication, traffic patterns, and characteristics. The network scalability should be evaluated by modelling the behaviour of IoT devices, particularly traffic patterns. However, as IoT is relatively new, it is challenging to model thoroughly. Many models are proposed, but no standard modelling paradigm is available for real-world complex IoT-based scenarios addressing all the requirements. This research provides an overview of network analysis and modelling, focusing on the central issues to introduce specific knowledge that helps to understand the traffic and guide the new research directions in network traffic modelling and analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study identified the genetic polymorphisms of seven plant isolates (S2 to S8) and assessed their ribosomal sequence phylogenetic distribution. This study amplified one genetic locus covering part of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS1–ITS2) rRNA sequences. The amplified genetic locus PCR amplicons were sequenced directly. A comprehensive phylogenetic tree was then constructed in the observed variants for these plant sequences to show accurate phylogenetic distances and other relative sequences. Our sequencing reactions identified seven plant species: Silybum marianum, Raphanus raphanistrum, Melilotus indicus, Lolium rigidium, Lolium temulentum, Phragmites australis, and Avena fatua. G302A was the only ribosomal variation found in Lolium rigidum. The current comprehensive tree placed the investigated samples in seven phylogenetic clades. The phylogenetic tree showed that this ribosomal variation was minor within the identified clade, which included our S5 sample. Ribosomal sequences showed that Lolium rigidum and Lolium temulentum had close phylogenetic distances and high homology. Phragmites australis had the most diverse phylogenetic distribution of all samples. In the current tree, Silybum marianum, Raphanus raphanistrum, Melilotus indicus, Phragmites australis, and Avena fatua had diverse phylogenetic clades. In conclusion, the current tree served as an all-inclusive tool that ensured the correct identification of the tested samples of the researched plant. Therefore, the use of the PCR-sequencing approach in the samples that were analysed has produced evidence that corroborated the samples' identities and shown the pattern of their phylogenetic distribution. This kind of diversity that was seen for these plant species may imply that it is possible to use the existing ITS1-ITS2 rRNA sequences in the precise identification and discrimination of a broad range of additional plant sequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study deals with factors that affect the making of the architectural decision and the great impact it has on the process of architectural design. it has shed the light on a group of academic scientific studies, which was represent through the proposed problem of the study that is (the lack of clarity of the concept of effecting factors on the making of the architectural design on the process of architectural design). The study aims at (reveling the affecting factors on the making of the architectural decision and providing a thinking methodology that better reflects the architectural field). The study then moved to creating a theoretical framework of the concept and developing a survey that analyzed a group of samples from local and international projects, it contained a number of questions that were aimed at architects. finally, the study discussed the results and proposed the conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After different consecutive waves, the pandemic phase of COVID-19, which started in Wuhan, China, seems to have no imminent end worldwide transmission of the SARS coronavirus has prompted the World Health Organization to proclaim a worldwide pandemic (known as COVID-19). Its effects on regular life and health have been devastating. In order to stop the spread of the disease and provide immediate care for infected patients, Rapid identification of positive cases is essential. The demand for diagnostic aids has grown. Recent advances in medical imaging show that these pictures reveal important information about the COVID-19 virus. The current shortage of specialists can be alleviated in part through the use of cutting-edge user artificial intelligence technologies and medical imagery in making correct diagnoses of this condition. The small size of the virus cells makes it difficult to distinguish them visually with the naked eye. Therefore, the transmission electron microscope with different magnifications was used to detect and image the virus cells. In recent years, medical diagnoses have significantly benefited from the widespread use of machine learning-based image processing technologies and have proven to be an effective method for helping diagnostic professionals to identify subtle lesions in images accurately. This work presents a customized computer-assisted automatic detection system specifically focused on quantifying and counting viral cells detected in blood samples from patients using electron microscopy images to detect infected blood cells. The average accuracy of the proposed custom model is 86.5% mAP, which makes it suitable for the upcoming COVID-19 surveillance system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of biomaterials is increased steadily with the augmentation of population and aging. In this paper, guailfensin used as an inhibitor for corrosion of stainless steel 316L in simulated body fluid by electrochemical polarization technique. The results showed that guailfensin reduce the corrosion current density and serve as an anodic inhibitor type. The inhibition efficiency is increased by increasing the concentration of guaifensin. The maximum inhibition efficiency of guaifensin has been obtained at 0.01 ppm, and the alloy examined by atomic force microscope. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) extract was recently explored in many studies and it was used in the manufacture of many medical and non-medical industries. Regarding medical uses, it was used as an anti-fungal and anti-bacterial, and hence, we attempted in this study to investigate anti-cancer activity in vitro. The cytotoxic effect of AgNPs Conocarpous erectus leaves aqueous extract was tested against breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB231, MCF7, and REF (normal cell line) by MTT assay after co-culture with escalating doses of extract for 48 hours. Viability results indicated sensitivity in breast cancer cells and MDA-MB231 (GI50 =79 µg/ml) was more sensitive than MCF7. In addition, REF cells was resistant (GI50>100 µg/ml). In conclusion, AgNPs extract showed sensitivity in breast cancer cells and no cytotoxic effect was observed in normal cells [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An Energy in the form of heat, is crucial to conserve in every aspect. Air conditioning, chemical processing, thermal power plants, refrigeration equipment, etc. are only a few of the various industries that exist and are dealing with a lot of issues, including utilizing effects, reuse of heat, or conserving, etc. Thermal energy can be recovered by heat exchanger. Heat transfer devices require significant financial expenses for a variety of capital and operating expenses, as a result, it is crucial to create heat exchangers that use less energy, cost, and resources. Heat transfer improvement strategies come in a wide variety, dive into detail on two of these methods— a nanofluid insets tape insertion, and a twist tube. The factors that influencing on nanofluid's operation which improve the heat transfer system efficiency have been study, in addition, a study of the development of heat transfer utilizing twist tubes has been conducted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aims to measure background radiation of natural radioactivity (Dose rate, Annual Effective Dose, and Effective Long Cancer Risk) in thirty locations at different hospitals and government institutions in Karbala governorate. The results using the dosimeter are shown that the average value of (D), (AAED), and (ELCR) due to background radiation in the soil at 50 cm and 100 cm are 0.01 ± 0.008µSv/h, 0.089 ± 0.073 mSv/y, 0.036,0.017 ± 0.005µSv/h,0.152 ± 0.048 mSv/y and 0.061 respectively. The minimum and maximum values of the Dose rate at 50 cm are (0.005, 0.01µSv/h and 0.016,0.01µSv/h), while at 100 cm are (0.004 0.01µSv/h and 0.13 0.01µSv/h) respectively. The minimum and maximum values of AAED at 50 cm are (0.044 mSv/y and 0.14 mSv/y), while at 100 cm are (0.035 mSv/y and 1.139 mSv/y) respectively. The minimum and maximum values of ELCR at 50 cm are (0.018 and 0.056), and at the same time, at 100 cm are (0.014 and 0.445) respectively. All results are drawn by using a statistical program named SPSS version 26.0 and the GIS system. Therefore, the radiological hazard index and background radiation levels in most soil samples in the study region of Karbala, Iraq, do not threaten human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thailand is considered endemic for malaria. Recently, evidence was brought that humans can be infected by the simian Plasmodium namely P. cynomolgi and P. knowlesi. Therefore, the geographic range of positive malaria infection of non-human primates (NHPs), especially monkey species must be determined. The main objective of this study consisting of finding out how common malaria parasites are in monkey species. To achieve this, the researcher used quantitative PCR (qPCR) to detect overall Plasmodium spp., human and simian Plasmodium infection by using specific primers. A total of 472 monkey blood samples of cynomolgus macaque and rhesus macaque were collected from five different locations forests in Thailand. The analysis indicated that most of the samples were positive to different extents for Plasmodium infection regardless of the species of the parasite. As expected, the researcher did not detect any infection of monkeys by any of the human Plasmodium species. Furthermore, the researcher found many positive samples infected with P. cynomolgi and P. knowlesi. Surprisingly, mixed infection of P. cynomolgi and P. knowlesi occurred in 6 monkeys from three sampling sites. As result, the findings confirm P. cynomolgi and P. knowlesi-infected monkeys living in Thailand, suggesting high risk of zoonotic transmission of malaria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The supply of energy needed by human societies is one of the most important issues facing experts due to the increasing technological growth and energy demand. In addition to discovering new energy sources, improving the performance of existing systems is also considered as an effective way to achieve this goal. Among the various methods of improving the performance of power generation systems, heat-waste recovery of power plants is focused by researchers. In this research, five different arrangements of supercritical carbon dioxide cycle have been used as heat recovery of Heydariyeh gas turbine power plant located in Iraq and their effects on the performance of the power plant has been studied. For this purpose, energy and exergy analysis has been used and the performance of these cycles in recovering energy from the heat lost by the mentioned power plant has been evaluated. The results indicate the ability to recover a maximum of 20.8MW of power by supercritical cycles proposed in this study. Indeed, adding this amount of power to the production capacity of Heydariyeh power plant will improve its efficiency by 6.5%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hot-dip galvanizing is a defensive layer technique widely use to prevent corrosion damage in steel structure. There have been many reported points in which cracks have formed in steel during the process, and root causes of these cracks remain poorly understood. The investigation in the mechanical and fatigue strength of uncoated and coated steel B500B with hot-dip galvanizing HDG have been experimentally examined in an earlier study, the steel B500B was coated with hot dip galvanizing according to ASTM A123 have been used, more investigation needs to cover such subject, for wide knowledge in the fatigue failure of such treated steel due to endurance limit up to 107 cycles according to ASTM (E8/E8M−16). The numerical simulation and scanning electron microscope SEM were employed as the main investigation method in this study. Examination on the surface after failure has been noticed roughness on the coated region, which is the sources of cracks initiation and stress concentration. In addition, the results of numerical analysis, verified that existence of coating imperfections, imposed a significant stress concentration leading to an effective reduction of the expected life time of the sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the density, tensile, and impact tests of polymer matrix composite prepared by the hand lay-up method, using the matrix material unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) and waste iron filings as reinforcement material in different weight percent (0, 10, 30, 40 and 50%) wt. All samples were examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) for their fractured surface. It was found that the addition of iron filings increase the density by 79%. The optimum impact strength observed at 30% wt. and increased by 43%, while the increase in tensile strength was 8% at 10% wt. of iron filings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aluminum oxide was deposited on the substrate using an Nd: YAG laser to prepare aluminum oxide nanocoating. The analysis tests showed that the nanocoating is polycrystalline and inhomogeneous distribution. The average surface roughness of the nanocoating increased from 1.33 nm to 3.7 nm with increased laser energy, and the number of pulses from 700 mJ and 100 pulses to 900 mJ and 300 pulses and a higher growth rate. UV-Visible Spectrophotometer was shown that sharp absorption in the ultraviolet (UV) region and high transmittance in the spectral region. The energy gap decreased from 4.1 eV to 4 even with the increased thickness of nanocoating from 56.4 nm to 176 nm. The nanocoating hardness test was carried out using the nanoindentation technique. The results showed that the hardness decreased from 33.83 GPa to 11.84 GPa with increased laser energy and a pulse from 700 mJ and 100 pulses to 900 mJ and 300 pulses due to internal defects caused by the increase in the thickness of the coating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is devoted to studying the effect of adding different weight ratios of TiO2 and SiO2 nanoparticle powder on the corrosion properties and wear resistance of Al6061 alloy. Composite materials contain different proportions of TiO2:SiO2 (0.1, 0.3, 0.5) poured through by stirring. The microstructure and phases are achieved through optical microscopy, SEM and X-ray diffraction. The results showed that a significant degree of homogeneity was obtained in the distribution of the armature particles in the microstructure of the base alloys. The measurement of the wear rate was performed by the pin on the disc device of both the base alloy and the hybrid composite under applied loads (5, 10, and 15 N) and a sliding velocity of 2.8 m/sec using different times (5, 10 and 15 min). The Wear results showed a reduction in the corrosion rate of 0.5 wt% for both TiO2 and SiO2 nanoparticles containing composites compared to other composites and the base alloy samples. And it was worth 0.82*10^-8 gm/cm compared to 1.82*10^-8gm/cm in the base alloy. The hardness test results showed that the hybrid composite containing 0.5 wt% of both TiO2 and SiO2 nanoparticles had higher hardness than other composites and base alloys; the amount of hardness in 0.5%wt hybrid composite became 77.35HV compared to 68.88HV in the base alloy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renewable energy generation has exploded in popularity in recent years due to environmental concerns such as global warming and greenhouse gas emissions. Solar power has a lower environmental impact than other renewable energy sources. To improve the amount of energy collected from a solar panel, a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller is employed. Furthermore, DC-DC converters are utilized to obtain the necessary voltage level on the output side. One of the challenges of DC-DC converters is determining the optimum converter because it impacts the photovoltaic (PV) system's behavior. This research reviews several converters that have been presented in the literature recently. It also analyzes and compares various converter topologies, including conventional boost converter (CBC), interleaved boost converter (IBC), interleaved boost converter with a switched capacitor (IBCSC), and interleaved boost converter with a voltage multiplier (IBCVM). All models have been constructed in a software program (MATLAB) by linking each converter with a PV standalone system. The simulated system also includes a PI controller, a Perturb and Observe (P & O) MPPT method, and a pulse width modulation (PWM) generator. The results obtained that each converter has its own unique features. For instance, the conventional boost converter has the highest efficiency (90%) with the minimum number of electrical components. The IBC has the minimum oscillation in output voltage and current (0.16%). As well, both IBCSC and IBCVM achieve a gain that is close to 10 in a relatively small duty ratio (40%) and (68%), respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The multirotor wind turbine systems have an advantage over others that they are small in size, due to their working places and operating conditions. Therefore, all turbine parts must have good engineering specifications in terms of size, mass, efficiency, and performance in relation to mechanical and electrical parts. In this research, the optimum design was carried out of the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) by using the Genetic Algorithm method. The appropriate fitness function has been determined to reduce the total mass of the generator. Design equations have been configured that include the following; the bore dimensions and an electromagnetic force, the active length of the generator, the air gap, the angular width of the magnet per pole, the slot depth trapezoidal and a stator phase's receipt of Find out the vacuum value of magnetic flux. When making the optimal design, and a number of generations were taken, optimal design analysis focuses on determining its value generations such as the slot depth to bore diameter ratio of the PMSG is 28, the the active length divided by the bore radius is 17, pool pairs number is 8 and of the bore half diameterratioto the span of action is 24. There are some conclusions, the air gap is thick, measuring reduced by about 0.09 mm and this decrease leads to an increase in the magnetic force and the number of pole pairs to about 8, This increase will lead to an increase in PMSGefficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under-frequency load shedding (UFLS) has been used to restore the electricity system after a major outage. However, based on the research of recent blackouts, voltage collapse and voltage-related issues are also major challenges in preserving system stability. As a result, both frequency and voltage must be considered in load shedding methods. To calculate the quantity of load to be shed and its optimal location, the research considered both aspects when building a load shedding plan. Voltage sensitivity is used to identify the location and amount of load to be shed from each bus. Newton-Raphson load flow method is used considering ZIP load model to show the enhancement in voltage profile and total loss. To test the validity of recommended attitudes, the IEEE 39-bus is used. For accurate results, a gravitational binary search optimization technique (BGSA) is utilized, and comparisons are made to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed strategy. A BGSA optimization technique can help reduce the search space for the smallest amount of power shed and its location. The results show that the supplied techniques can employ the BGSA optimization algorithm to discover the optimal solution for a significant loss reduction and a better voltage profile and frequency. The planned disruptions include the loss of a generator for several buses and the loss of transmission lines in multiple situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photovoltaic Panel (PV) is one of the widely technologies that conversion the solar energy into direct – current (DC) in the present time. However, increase of panel temperature has a bad effect on the PV outcomes and major obstacle in widespread use, especially in the hot – dry climate. In this study, propose a new arrangement for accelerates the air-cooler motion behind the PV panel surface has introduced and investigated experimentally. Several containers of the air slot channels had fabricated and covered the back surface of PV panel. The test occurred in spring and summer season under varies outside environment climate conditions in terms of solar radiation and ambient temperatures. The investigation conducted in the city of Baghdad; it has longitude 44o and latitude 33o with a PV Panel angle of inclination 30o to the south. The experimental result appeared that, covered the free back surface of PV panel by slot platform helps to controller the panel temperature and maintain distribution of inlet air-cooling to cover PV back surface Panel as more orderly. The test showed that maximum PV panel performance achievement when enter the air-cooling from three direction and the slot platform have an air guided design as a nozzle shape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photovoltaic-Thermal plant (PV/T) is one of the wide technologies that utilize solar energy for electrical – hot air generation at present time. However, an existing arrangement of PV/T is not efficient and needs more modification to upgrade system performance. In this study, the new arrangement of PV/T design was proposed and investigated experimentally under various operation conditions. Two PV/T prototypes with different absorber plate shapes and air movement entrances within Solar Air Heater (SAH) part have been fabricated and tested. The first model (A) is a flat absorber plate and the air inlet into SAH is direct. The second model (B) was is a box shape, which covered and heated the air from all directions and the air inlet into SAH is through the black aluminum narrow-wide entrance. According to the actual test, the result showed that the new arrangement with model (B) achieved a higher enhancement in thermal efficiency than model (A) which the thermal enhancement reaches 22% at the peak solar radiation time. The report offers practical solutions it helps process errors in earlier models to improve thermal efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, some renewable energy researchers have their attention directed toward the possibilities of harnessing the tornado energy concept by creating an artificial vortex utilizing solar energy for electrical power generation. Given this concept trend, a new Solar Vortex Engine (SVE) was proposed, designed, and simulate at the University of Technology – Iraq (UOT). In this paper, a computational simulation was used in the ANSYS 2020 R1 program to simulate the influence of solar intensity on the vortex updraft velocity generated. Initial boundary parameters have been included for SVE geometry, intake velocity, and different solar radiation (400, 700, and 1000) W/m2, while the outlet parameter is listed as a vortex updraft velocity. The CFD results and validation showed the direct effects of radiation concentration on the air velocity of the ascending vortex, which increased by 37% when the solar intensity went from 400 W/m2 to 1000 W/m2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cost for repair and maintenance the failure parts due to corrosion has a raised worldwide influence. The steel B500B have been coated with hot dip galvanizing, to offer stability and corrosion protection, via the deposition1 of a thin layers of zinc on the steel by submersion in a molten bath. The mechanical and the fatigue behaviour have been conducting, also scanning electron microscope SEM have been examined after coating the steel, to increase the understanding of the damage and failure of a structural steel, in order to experience such treatment. The rotating bending with R#x003D;-1 have been tested to get the fatigue behaviour. Relations that have been put forward in attempts to mathematically describe the cycle fatigue range of the S#x2013;N curve (by Basquin) are compared to the experimental data. The power low relation was found agree with results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]