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Considering the surface distribution of polyimide chains, the properties of the unidirectional out-of-plane nematic liquid crystal tilt angle are investigated in view of the van der Waals interaction between nematic liquid crystal molecules and two polyimide layers: the anisotropic upper layer and the isotropic lower layer. The dependence of the pretilt angle upon the thickness of the upper polyimide layer oriented by rubbing is estimated from experiment and theory. Another experimental result shows that the relation between the anchoring energy and the thickness of the polyimide layer could be dependent on lower material. This was also explained in view of the nonretarded van der Waals interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxygen incorporated Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) films were prepared by an ion beam sputtering deposition method. I-V curves of the oxygen incorporated GST active layer showed that the threshold voltage (Vth) varied, depending on the level of incorporated oxygen. In the case of a GST film with an elevated oxygen content of 30.8%, the GST layer melted at 9.02 V due to the instability conferred by the high oxygen content. The formation of Ge-deficient hexagonal phases such as GeSb2Te4 and Sb2Te3 appear to be responsible for the Vth variation. Impedance analyses indicated that the resistance in GST films with oxygen contents of 16.7% and 21.7% had different origins. Thermal desorption spectroscopy data indicate that moisture and hydrocarbons were more readily desorbed at higher oxygen content because the oxygen incorporated GST films are more hydrophilic than undoped GST films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors have fabricated highly efficient polymeric light-emitting diode (PLED) from ionic compound dispersed water soluble nonconjugated polymer, polyurethane (PU), which was used as an ultrathin hole blocking and electron injection layer (HB-EIL) on the top of commercially available blue-emitting polymer, polyfluorene. The device with HB-EIL showed a maximum quantum efficiency of 1.7%, while the one without HB-EIL showed an efficiency of 0.6%. They propose that the better performance in PLED with PU layer was due to a well balanced charge injection in emitting layer after the enhanced electron injection due to ionic compound in the insulating PU layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]