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A significant portion of the earth is partially saturated which is having a three-phase system considering air- water-soil. The conventional shear strength criteria cannot apply to this type of soil. An unconfined compressive strength test is the quick and easy test to determine the shear strength of the soil. Various researchers tried to study the effect of variation of the degree of saturation and dry density on the shear strength of the soil. In this paper, effect of compaction variations with different degree of saturation on an unconfined compressive strength of an expansive soil from Surat region of Gujarat state was studied. Considering the similarity between Wetting-Drying and Freezing-Thawing process, this study had been focused on Freezing-Thawing process. Samples were moulded at different compaction i.e., 100%, 95%, 85% of Proctor density with variation in degree of saturations as 60%, 40%, 20% of the optimum moisture content. Moulded samples were passed through number of F-T cycles i.e., 0, 1, 3 and 5. Results showed variation in UCS value with the freezing thawing cycles. It increases up-to 3 cycles for full compaction and then decreases. While for field compaction it decreases as the no of cycle increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To measure permeability, one of Darcy's law's basic concepts is that the soil sample must be saturated. Traditional methods cannot be used to calculate the permeability of unsaturated soils because it does not follow Darcy's law. Two analytical models for estimating the permeability value for unsaturated soil have been proposed: Van Genuchten Model and the Fordland-Xing Model. For frozen unsaturated soils, such models use data from the soil-water characteristic curve to determine the necessary parameters. To provide a broad range of suction in this study, soil specimens were frozen-thawed (F-T) for different degrees of saturation, and soil water characteristic curves were formulated for all F-T cycles. For both models, the changes in fitting parameters and relative permeability with subsequent F-T cycles are discussed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wind mill towers are constructed using monopoles or lattice type tower. As the height of tower increases it gives more power but it becomes uneconomical, so in the present research work innovative wind mill tower such as combination of monopole and lattice tower is analyzed using FEM software. When the tall structures are constructed on soft soil it becomes dynamically sensitive so 3 types of soil such as hard, medium and soft soil is also modeled and the innovative tower is studied for different operating frequencies of wind turbine. From study it is concluded that the innovative tower will reduce resonance condition considering soil structure interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]