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Flapping is an energy-demanding mode of fast animal locomotion that requires physiology, wing kinematics, and unsteady mechanics to work in unison. The trailing flow or wake is a signature of flapping mechanics, which makes it a popular candidate for visualization and analysis. While there are multiple ways to analyze wakes, we need a general framework to ensure utility of the analysis in bio-inspired flapping flight. In this article, we develop a theoretical framework to analyze the transport phenomena of wakes. To illustrate, we apply the theory to a two-dimensional modeled hovering flight comprising engineered rigid flapping plates, which vary in aspect ratio, wingbeat frequency, and the use of winglet. The results potentially explain certain observations in natural flight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is an erratum for an article titled "On dissecting the wakes of flapping wings" published in the journal Physics of Fluids. The erratum addresses updates that need to be made to the affiliation and acknowledgments in the original publication. Specifically, the affiliation of the second author, Srikanth Goli, needs to be modified to the Applied Research Center for Metrology, Standards, and Testing (ARC-MST), Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia. Additionally, an update is needed in the acknowledgments to express gratitude to the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur for research support. The authors of the original article are Priyam Chakraborty, Srikanth Goli, and Arnab Roy. [Extracted from the article]