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The thermal conversion of the oil residue of Usinsk oil in the presence of sunflower oil additives is investigated. It is shown that the addition of sunflower oil affects the amount of the resulted thermal cracking products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermal transformations of resins and asphaltenes of the oil residue at a cracking temperature of 435°C in the presence of sunflower oil are investigated. The object of the study was the residue of atmospheric-vacuum distillation of a heavy oil from the Zuunbayan oilfield. The structural group parameters of the molecules of resins and asphaltenes of initial fuel oil and thermolysis products are determined on the basis of data of elemental composition, molecular mass, and 1H NMR spectra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The physicochemical and structural-group characteristics of fuel oils of heavy and light oils are studied. Using the methods of elemental, structural-group analyses, and IR spectroscopy, similarities and differences in their elemental and structural-group composition and the composition of fragments containing heterofunctions are revealed. It is found out that asphaltenes of the fuel oil of heavy oil differ from those of the fuel oil of light oil in a higher molecular mass, which is due to the larger sizes of mean macromolecules. The large sizes of mean macromolecules are associated with a higher number of less cyclic structural blocks consisting predominantly from aromatic rings. A feature of such blocks is also the presence of longer and weakly branched paraffin chains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The liquefaction of sapropel in the East Siberian region using ethanol under supercritical conditions (260 °C, 18 MPa) was studied. The influence of the hydrogen atmosphere and the CoMo/Al2O3 catalyst on the yield and composition of liquid products was established. The presence of a reactive hydrogen atmosphere and a catalyst increased the conversion of organic mass of sapropel (α) from 41.1 to 75.9 wt.%. Gas chromatographic–mass spectrometry, FT-IR, and NMR spectroscopy methods have shown that the bulk of liquid liquefaction products are esters (30.1−46.6 rel.%), alkyl derivatives of phenol (9.5−21.6 rel.%), and nitrogen-containing compounds (12.9−18.9 rel.%). The addition of hydrogen and a catalyst reduces the content of heteroatomic compounds in liquid products and increases the hydrogen content from 7.26 to 8.86 wt.%. The component composition of liquid products of liquefaction in supercritical ethanol was studied. It was shown that the introduction of a catalyst and hydrogen increases the yield of oils in the maltene fraction by 1.5 times. Structural-group analysis of liquid products showed that the average molecule is characterized by a low molecular weight MW = 200 amu. and contains 11 carbon atoms. The average molecule contains 1 aromatic ring with alkyl substituents and 2 oxygen atoms. The sulfur content is low, about 3 atoms per 100 average molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Combined conversion of the petroleum residue (initial boiling point 350°C) produced from highly paraffinic heavy oil of the Zuunbayan oil field (Mongolia) and unrefined vegetable oil have been studied. The possibility of vegetable oil involvement into the thermal conversion of petroleum residue to provide with an additional amount of distillate fractions (IBP–360°C) have been shown. The physico-chemical characteristics and composition of the products as a function of the vegetable oil amount used have been studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]