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According to Indonesia's National Guidelines on Green Buildings (Kemen PUPR No,21,2021) called Penilaian Kinerja Bangunan Gedung Hijau (BGH), green buildings are mandatory for new and existing buildings. As environmental concerns grow, the Government uses these ratings to control energy consumption. A government initiative aims to increase demand for environmentally friendly buildings. This paper evaluates BGH's green building rating system for project certification in two Indonesian cities, Jakarta and Padang Paser Utara. Jakarta is the capital of Indonesia, the largest and one of the most populous urban city in Indonesia. Moreover, the new Indonesia capital city, Nusantara, will be built in Penajam Paser Utara, East Kalimantan. Using the results of this research, recommendations and suggestions can be given related to the design of green buildings both in Jakarta and Penajam Paser Utara. Evaluations will be conducted on simple residential buildings. The results of these studies indicate that designers and architects may have difficulty incorporating this rating systems into their designs. An evaluation of BGH ratings and sustainability analysis can be performed with building information modeling and a conceptual framework is presented toward the end of this paper. A rating system's success depends heavily on discussion among all stakeholders, including architects, engineers, environmentalists, governments, and communities. Indonesian experts in the building sector should take part in and contribute to this project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A cementitious composite carefully designed and mixed using aggregates, cement and waste materials forms a green concrete, providing potential for saving the environment, especially by reducing the carbon consumption in the construction industry. The reliable design of green cementitious composites' thermal conductivity leads to significant energy savings in residential buildings, especially when used as exterior or interior walls. This preliminary study briefly describes a concept of mathematical modeling of green concrete heat transfer since an effective solution to the problem will not only improve the energy saving inside the residential but also increase the efficiency in heat-protection of the structures. The study aims to generate a mathematical model to simulate the thermal properties into a computational model to understand the model behaviour under constant and elevated temperature considering steady-state and transient-state solutions. A two-dimensional thermal model is created first then the thermal properties such as thermal conductivity, mass density, and specific heats are assigned into the model. Seven variables to express the thermal conductivity of concrete are adopted in this study based on previous research. The analysis is then continued by specifying a heat source within two model geometries, i.e. a solid model and a model with cavity. The heat flux is also assigned to estimate the heat exchange between the boundaries. The model is then analyzed, the mathematical model is solved to generate the results of temperature, gradient, and heat rates as well as heat fluxes. This study enables the characterization of thermal transfer and distribution on a green concrete model to be used as approximations in predicting the trends related to thermal properties of a green cementitious composite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]