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Temperature and magnetic field dependent neutron diffraction has been used to study the magnetic order in Ru0.9Sr2YCu2.1O7.9 . The appearance of (1/2, 1/2, 1/2), (1/2, 1/2, 3/2), and (1/2, 1/2, 5/2) peaks below TM=140 K manifests the antiferromagnetic order. Neutron diffraction patterns measured in applied magnetic fields from 0 to 6 T show the destruction of the antiferromagnetic order with increasing field. There is no evidence of spontaneous or field-induced long range ferromagnetic order. This latter result contradicts the vast majority of other experimental observations for this system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The universal approach of liquid mixing has been found to produce "organic" MgB2-xC x superconductors with structural and supercurrent-carrying properties unattainable by other techniques. We show by transmission electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive spectroscopy that these unique properties are enabled through coating of boron particles with a nanolayer of carbon. The subsequent reaction between carbon-encapsulated boron and magnesium results in enhanced carbon content x in the crystal lattice, as determined by x-ray diffraction pattern analysis. Among various carbon-containing compounds investigated, polycarbosilane has been found to be the optimal dopant for MgB 2 superconductor, producing the largest critical current density due to the formation of wide range of nanodefects with pinning properties within the MgB2 crystal lattice, as well as due to minimal formation of current-blocking layers around the grains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Temperature and magnetic field dependent neutron diffraction has been used to study the magnetic order in Ru0.9Sr2YCu2.1O7.9 . The appearance of (1/2, 1/2, 1/2), (1/2, 1/2, 3/2), and (1/2, 1/2, 5/2) peaks below TM=140 K manifests the antiferromagnetic order. Neutron diffraction patterns measured in applied magnetic fields from 0 to 6 T show the destruction of the antiferromagnetic order with increasing field. There is no evidence of spontaneous or field-induced long range ferromagnetic order. This latter result contradicts the vast majority of other experimental observations for this system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To describe the critical current density (Jc) as the function of applied magnetic field (Ba) in high quality YBa2Cu3O7 (YBCO) superconducting films, the vortex pinning mechanism along the structural domain boundaries of the films is developed. The boundaries, assumed to have low misorientation angles, are quantitatively considered to consist of individual edge dislocations acting as pinning wells, rather than a continuous boundary. This extended model accurately describes the experimental Jc(Ba) over the wide field and temperature ranges. Marginal deviations of the model from the experimental Jc(Ba) curves are observed at high fields and temperatures where thermally activated depinning is significant. This pinning model is verified to provide precise structural properties of the films which can be obtained by other considerations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Systematic dc and ac magnetic susceptibility measurements performed on RuSr2Eu1.5Ce0.5Cu2O10-δ (Ru1222) demonstrate a paramagnetic to ferromagnetic transition around 95 K. The third harmonic of the ac susceptibility reveals that the system undergoes a spin glass transition below 75 K. The features of the zero-field cooled and field cooled dc magnetization curves of Ru1222 material resemble those of a cluster glass state, rather than those of a canonical spin glass state. The magnetization versus applied field loops do not saturate, even at very high applied fields, resulting in the short range magnetic order in the system, which facilitates the formation of clusters that freeze at low temperature. The temperature dependence of the second and third harmonic ac susceptibilities further confirms the coexistence of a cluster glass state and ferromagnetic order in the Ru1222 system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Systematic dc and ac magnetic susceptibility measurements performed on RuSr2Eu1.5Ce0.5Cu2O10-δ (Ru1222) demonstrate a paramagnetic to ferromagnetic transition around 95 K. The third harmonic of the ac susceptibility reveals that the system undergoes a spin glass transition below 75 K. The features of the zero-field cooled and field cooled dc magnetization curves of Ru1222 material resemble those of a cluster glass state, rather than those of a canonical spin glass state. The magnetization versus applied field loops do not saturate, even at very high applied fields, resulting in the short range magnetic order in the system, which facilitates the formation of clusters that freeze at low temperature. The temperature dependence of the second and third harmonic ac susceptibilities further confirms the coexistence of a cluster glass state and ferromagnetic order in the Ru1222 system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the influence of the sintering temperature on the electromagnetic behavior for the RuSr2Eu1.5Ce0.5Cu2O10 material, in which superconductivity and ferromagnetism coexist. The inadequate heat treatment results in the coexistence of the secondary Ru-1212 phase along with the dominant Ru-1222 phase. The presence of two phases leads to the magnetic superposition of the signals from both phases, which results in the observation of a small peak around 120–130 K. In the pure Ru-1222 no such magnetic anomaly is observed. In addition, the impure samples exhibit a double step superconductivity transition. In the normal state, these impure samples exhibit a semiconductinglike behavior of the resistivity. In contrast, the pure Ru-1222 sample with much larger, well connected grains has a single step resistivity transition, as well as a metalliclike behavior in the normal state. Our work sends a strong message that only high quality, phase pure samples can be chosen for the investigation of the complex behavior in the Ru system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the influence of the sintering temperature on the electromagnetic behavior for the RuSr2Eu1.5Ce0.5Cu2O10 material, in which superconductivity and ferromagnetism coexist. The inadequate heat treatment results in the coexistence of the secondary Ru-1212 phase along with the dominant Ru-1222 phase. The presence of two phases leads to the magnetic superposition of the signals from both phases, which results in the observation of a small peak around 120–130 K. In the pure Ru-1222 no such magnetic anomaly is observed. In addition, the impure samples exhibit a double step superconductivity transition. In the normal state, these impure samples exhibit a semiconductinglike behavior of the resistivity. In contrast, the pure Ru-1222 sample with much larger, well connected grains has a single step resistivity transition, as well as a metalliclike behavior in the normal state. Our work sends a strong message that only high quality, phase pure samples can be chosen for the investigation of the complex behavior in the Ru system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report on the magnetic anisotropic properties of pure and Mg doped LiFePO4 single crystals grown by the traveling solvent floating zone technique. Our results reveal a considerable anisotropy in the susceptibilities along H∥a, H∥b, and H∥c for both crystals. LiFePO4 and Li0.99Mg0.01FePO4 crystals show antiferromagnetic long-range ordering below the Néel temperature of about 52 K, with the b axis being the magnetic easy axis. The effective moments have been determined to be 6.18μB and 6.07μB for the pure and the doped crystals, respectively. These values are higher than what is expected on the basis of the spin-only value of 6.70μB with a high-spin d6 configuration for the Fe2+ ion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we report on our studies on the band structure calculations, structures, transport, and magnetic properties in two dimensional layer structured perovskite compounds Sr2-xLaxCoO4. Structure refinement results reveal that these compounds crystallized in K2NiF4-type structures with space group I4/mmm. The temperature dependence of resistivity shows a semiconductorlike behavior over a wide range of temperatures, a metal-insulator transition at 240 K, and an upturn at 160 K for the x=1, 1.25, and 0.75 samples. A coercive field is about 1 T for the sample with x=0.75, while it is about 0.05 T for x=0.75 and 0.1 T for the x=1.25 samples. A negative field hysteresis magnetoresistance in close correlation with the coercive field has been observed and can be explained by the grain boundary tunneling effect. The first-principles band structure calculations were carried out for Sr1.5La0.5CoO4 and the results indicate that the system is metallic with a high spin polarization which is responsible for the observed large magnetoresistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we report on our studies on the band structure calculations, structures, transport, and magnetic properties in two dimensional layer structured perovskite compounds Sr2-xLaxCoO4. Structure refinement results reveal that these compounds crystallized in K2NiF4-type structures with space group I4/mmm. The temperature dependence of resistivity shows a semiconductorlike behavior over a wide range of temperatures, a metal-insulator transition at 240 K, and an upturn at 160 K for the x=1, 1.25, and 0.75 samples. A coercive field is about 1 T for the sample with x=0.75, while it is about 0.05 T for x=0.75 and 0.1 T for the x=1.25 samples. A negative field hysteresis magnetoresistance in close correlation with the coercive field has been observed and can be explained by the grain boundary tunneling effect. The first-principles band structure calculations were carried out for Sr1.5La0.5CoO4 and the results indicate that the system is metallic with a high spin polarization which is responsible for the observed large magnetoresistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]