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In recent years, EVs have become increasingly popular around the world, and research on wireless power supply technology for EV driving has progressed accordingly. In order to realize this wireless power transfer system for EVs on a real scale, it is necessary to lengthen the power transfer section per power transfer unit and to secure a sufficient power transfer section with a small number of power transfer units as a whole. To solve this problem, the single coil method, in which one coil is lengthened, has been proposed. However, as the coil length increases, resistance loss increases and efficiency decreases. Therefore, a repeater coil system has been proposed. In this in-transit power-feeding system, it is necessary to consider transient phenomena when the EV to be fed deviates from the feeding lane. Therefore, we propose a new repeater coil configuration on the transmission side that assumes a no-load condition. In this study, a new repeater coil system combining rectangular coils and orthogonal coils is proposed, which enables stable feeding of power to EVs by rectangular coils and response to transient phenomena. A comparison was also made with the single coil method that has been studied previously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For measuring the source profile of proton beams, a method using a Thomson mass spectrometer, which has precise energy resolution and enables the discrimination of ion species, was proposed and applied in an experiment with irradiation of 55-fs, 6.6×1018-W/cm2-laser pulses on a 5-mm-thick copper tape target. The typical measured source size was 150 μm at E=400 keV and 44 μm at E=980 keV in full width at half maximum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wave-breaking processes originating from a parametric resonance in the wake of a laser pulse in the absence of pulse overfocusing are thoroughly analyzed via multidimensional particle-in-cell simulations. The processes play a key role in the electron self-injection in the laser-driven acceleration of high energy, monoenergetic electrons in plasma channels. The resonance character of the charge loading in the first, second, and third injections is shown; its effect on the electron acceleration is demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An ion spectrometer, composed of a time-of-flight spectrometer (TOFS) and a Thomson parabola spectrometer (TPS), has been developed to measure energy spectra and to analyze species of laser-driven ions. Two spectrometers can be operated simultaneously, thereby facilitate to compare the independently measured data and to combine advantages of each spectrometer. Real-time and shot-to-shot characterizations have been possible with the TOFS, and species of ions can be analyzed with the TPS. The two spectrometers show very good agreement of maximum proton energy even for a single laser shot. The composite ion spectrometer can provide two complementary spectra measured by TOFS with a large solid angle and TPS with a small one for the same ion source, which are useful to estimate precise total ion number and to investigate fine structure of energy spectrum at high energy depending on the detection position and solid angle. Advantage and comparison to other online measurement system, such as the TPS equipped with microchannel plate, are discussed in terms of overlay of ion species, high-repetition rate operation, detection solid angle, and detector characteristics of imaging plate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The energy spectra and angular distributions of hot electrons as well as protons emitted from a 3-μm-thick tantalum foil irradiated by a 70-fs laser pulse with an intensity of ∼1018 W/cm2 are measured. Three hot electron flows are found, in the rear target normal, specular, and target surface directions. The angular distribution of hot electrons is found to depend on the polarization of the incident light. The measured energy spectrum of hot electrons in the rear target normal direction can explain the generated proton beam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study of proton emission from a 3-μm-thick Ta foil target irradiated by p-, s-, and circularly polarized laser pulses with respect to the target plane has been carried out. Protons with energies up to 880 keV were observed in the target normal direction under the irradiation by the p-polarized laser pulse, which yielded the highest efficiency for proton emission. In contrast, s- and circularly polarized laser pulses gave the maximum energies of 610 and 680 keV, respectively. The difference in the maximum energy between the p- and s-polarized cases was associated with the difference between the sheath fields estimated from electron spectra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of experiments are presented for the single laser pulse interaction with a very low density gas target, under the conditions when the generated wake wave is below the wave-breaking threshold and the laser pulse power is lower than the critical power for relativistic self-focusing. A quasi-monoenergetic electron beam is found to be stably generated for various laser pulse intensity values by controlling the acceleration length. The results of two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations show that for the electron acceleration an additional mechanism of electron injection into the acceleration phase is required. It is demonstrated that the longitudinal inhomogeneity of the plasma density leads to the electron injection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dependence on laser intensity and pulse duration in energetic proton acceleration by irradiation of ultrashort laser pulses on a 5 μm thick copper tape target was measured. The laser intensity was varied from 8.5×1017 W/cm2 to 1.1×1019 W/cm2, and the pulse duration from 55 fs to 400 fs. The maximum proton energy increased as the pulse duration was increased while the laser intensity was kept constant. The dependence of the maximum proton energy on laser intensity and pulse duration was in good agreement with an analytical plasma-expanding model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interaction of λ2 laser pulses with plasma is studied to scale the high-field physics from high power laser systems to low-energy, high-repetition-rate lasers. For this purpose, 20 mJ, 40 fs Ti:sapphire laser pulses were focused in a spot of 2.2×2.3 μm2 with a maximum intensity of I∼1019 W/cm2. Efficient generations of energetic electrons (∼1 MeV) and hard x-rays with energies of over 100 keV were obtained by irradiating the low-energy, tightly focused laser pulses on a massive Cu target. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We evaluate the simplified method using the Lambert-Beer law to measure the temperature of bremsstrahlung photon generated by an ultraintense laser. Analytical values are compared to the results of the Monte Carlo calculation of GEANT4 and they agreed very well on the condition of the appropriate distance between the attenuator and the detector. We performed the experiment to measure the temperature of bremsstrahlung x-ray emitted from a metal target irradiated by a Ti:sapphire laser with 76 mJ, 72 fs, 2.2 × 10(18)  W∕cm(2). For a Cu target of 30  μm thick, the photon temperature was reasonably determined to be 0.18 MeV, which is in good agreement with previous studies.

For multiple laser pulse experiments, it is necessary to split a laser pulse. In order to split a short laser pulse without stretching the pulse width, the laser pulse should not pass through thick materials. For this reason, a pellicle beam splitter (BS) and/or a mirror with a hole are required as a BS for the short laser pulse. The focusing qualities of the laser pulse after passing through the pellicle BS and the mirror with a hole are the same as without the BS's. The laser pulse quality reflected by the BSs should be considered for the laser pulse. A pellicle BS is a thin foil, so, it is weak against vibrations. One should be careful about airflows and isolation from vibration sources. The spot size of the reflected laser pulse is consistent with the size reflected by a normal mirror. The energy loss is about 10% compared with a normal mirror. A mirror with a hole is strong against external vibrations. The reflected laser pulse has a doughnut shape. The reflected laser pulse is interfered due to the shape. In order to cleanly focus the laser pulse, the inside size of the doughnut should be smaller than a half size of the outside portion of the doughnut.