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We have measured the brightness of several helium free jet sources. Five converging nozzles with diameters between 0.6 and 5 μm, and three tube nozzles with diameters between 2 and 10 μm were studied at stagnation temperatures of 77 and 300 K and at stagnation pressures depending on nozzle size from 350 to 17000 kPa. Smaller nozzles produced higher brightness beams with values approaching 1028 (s sr m2)-1. At low-temperature quantum effects on the helium collision cross section significantly decreased the source brightness. We explore the possibility of producing even higher brightness sources with smaller diameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous approaches to the production of intense beams of highly charged heavy ions are compared and contrasted. The competing processes of ionization and electron capture are described and evaluated to explore ways to further improve upon the encouraging recent results from electron-beam (E-MEVVA) and low-impedance Z-discharge (LIZ-MeV) variations on the venerable metal vapor vacuum arc (MEVVA) ion source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]