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The sensitivity of the metal oxide towards the hydrogen peroxide sensing depends on the rate of the adsorption reaction at the metal oxide surface. In this regard, the rate of adsorption reaction at metal oxide surface can be enhanced via the mixing of the electronegative metals to the metal oxide. Here we fabricated ZnCo2O4 with the hydrothermal method, which is a mixture of Zn and cobalt oxide, and employed it for hydrogen peroxide sensing. The cyclic voltammetry analysis of ZnCo2O4 shows the increase in the current with the increased concentration of the hydrogen peroxide. The nano-cube morphology of the ZnCo2O4 provided the high reactive surface area for sensing. Further, the electrochemical impedance analysis identifies the rate of the adsorption reaction with the help of the adsorption resistance. The decrease in the adsorption resistance with the increase of the hydrogen peroxide concentration further supports the sensor application of the ZnCo2O4. Thus, the electronegative metal mixing with the metal oxide increases the negative charge density at the metal oxide matrix, which can increase the rate of hydrogen peroxide adsorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In our modern age, when innovations appear seemingly overnight, there is a great deal of interest around individuals regarding how to live and travel more safely. The total number of automobiles on the road has increased over the last ten years. With the massive increase in the automotive industry daily, tracking each car becomes a challenging and time-consuming task. This study proposes using roadside surveillance cameras to aid in the operation of an intelligent vehicle tracking system capable of monitoring fast-moving cars. The technique of obtaining CCTV footage with a real-time background is a highly laborious one. To solve this issue, a powerful deep learning approach is being utilised for the object detection process. The job is divided into four main phases. The first stage involves creating images, while the second stage involves the placement of the car in each frame. The subsequent stage entails identifying the license plates of the automobiles that have been located. In the final stage, the characters that are read off the number plates identified are recognized. The deep learning model that was presented makes use of CNN and VGG models to simplify the training phase. The image dataset of the license plates are utilised in the process of evaluating the effectiveness of the model. Among the models implemented for tracking and identifying the vehicle number plates, the CNN algorithm attains an accuracy of 85.8%, whereas the VGG models achieve an accuracy of 87.8%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid emergence and evolution of AI, deep learning, and machine learning over the last few decades has led to the development of new tools and techniques that can be used to manipulate images very easily. Although these tools have mainly been used in legitimate applications, such as education and entertainment, they have also been exploited for illegal purposes. Videos and audios that are fake or misleading are often used to spread propaganda and misinformation. They can also harass and blackmail people. In image forensics, a process is conducted to identify the manipulations that have been made on a digital image. Due to the availability of low-cost digital cameras, this type of investigation has become more popular. It usually occurs that the images are intentionally manipulated to create false information. Researchers are developing new techniques to identify fake images in digital media, which are commonly used as evidence in court proceedings and in the media. These techniques should also be used to maintain visual records. The goal of these manipulations is to make the image look good before sharing it on social networking sites. However, they can also be very harmful as they can hurt one's reputation. One of the most common reasons why people get identity theft is by impersonation. This occurs when someone tries to access a person's financial and personal information. To avoid situations where the innocent person is accused of committing a crime, law enforcers need to use advanced techniques and tools to determine if the image was manipulated or edited. One of the most important questions that investigators should ask is what parts of the visual image can be manipulated. CNN with loss handling is proposed to perform the extraction of image manipulation using a error level analysis. This method has significantly improved the accuracy of its detection rate by 98.13%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A variety of human activities are having a detrimental effect on the quality of groundwater, particularly shallow groundwater. This problem is becoming more widespread. Monitoring of groundwater has thus become an absolute need in order to maintain the quality of the water within a certain, acceptablerange. In the current research project, the Water Quality Index was used to conduct an assessment ofthe groundwater quality in the Mathura neighborhood around township area. For the purpose of calculating the Water Quality Index (WQI), eight major criteria were selected because of their significant influence on determining the overall quality of drinking water. These eight criteria are pH,total hardness, alkalinity, chloride, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, and nitrate and fluoride. The WQI for each of the 20 samples has been computed and established. According to the findings of the WQI, ninety percent of the water samples were classified as having "Very Bad to Bad"quality, while just ten percent were placed in the "Medium" category. There was not a single sample that was determined to be in the "excellent to good" category, which suggests that the water must firstbe subjected to an appropriate level of treatment before it can be utilized directly. After going through the necessary purification processes, the water is fit for human consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this 21st century, researchers and engineers are using several waste and useless products. These waste materials obtained from agriculture or industries. Rice husk ash, sludge, fly ash and fly ash are waste materials used in concrete mix as supplement of cement. All these waste materials enhanced the mechanical and physical properties of concrete mix. Nowadays Sugarcane bagasse ash is getting the more attention of researcher due its fineness and help to improve the setting properties, strength properties and corrosion retardant. India has sugarcane production about the 341.20 MMT (million metric ton), secured second position in world after the Brazil. Sugarcane peel left as a residue afterthe production of sugar. In this review article, author reviewed several research papers based on uses of bagasse ash in concrete mix. Bagasse ash enhanced the tensile strength, compressive strength, flexural strength the durability and Chloride ion penetration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, the whole world is not untouched by the terrible effect of paracetamol use. Due to its deadly effect, along with human health, their heart and mind also get disturbed. Therefore, it is essential to trace the amount of paracetamol present inside the human body up to its nano-mole level. From the past few decades, nanomaterials have created an outsized impact to attract researchers, particularly in the field of electrochemical sensor, due to their high surface area. Electrochemical sensors can be fabricated using nano-materials and that can further be used to detect drugs/bio-molecules. Paracetamol (acetaminophen-N-acetyl-p-aminophenol, PCM), an antipyretic, analgesic and extensively used compound, to treat fever, cough, cold and pain, including muscle pain, chronic pain, and migraine, headache, backache and toothache. The therapeutic dose of PCM has no ill-effect; however, the excessive and prolonged use of PCM can cause unwanted accumulation of toxic metabolites, leading to kidney and liver failure or even death. Acetaminophen detection is hindered tremendously by a high level of electrically active compounds like uric acid, ascorbic acid and dopamine. To get rid of this, electrochemical sensor using nano-materials can be exploited for its detection and to enhance sensitivity and selectivity of electrodes. The present review highlights the employability of the most widely used materials to make modified electrodes for the detection of dopamine and more importantly to emphasize the challenges associated with it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As sand pits are exhausted and dredging is forbidden by environmental rules, construction materials are increasingly scarce. As a result, we've had to hunt for a new and feasible choice. This proposed study makes a concerted effort to give a practical solution to this problem. Manufactured sand, which is used as a fine aggregate in concrete, is made from sandstone. River sand has been totally replaced by M–Sand, which contains micro particles. Micro fines are particles with a length and diameter of less than 75 microns. Micro fines are utilised in various amounts in the manufacturing of M30 grade concrete (0 percent, 5 percent, 10 percent, 15 percent, 20 percent, and 25 percent). For the aim of testing and comparing, six manufactured sand mixtures and one river sand mix were constructed. The compressive strength of produced sand was found to be improvedwhen the proper amount of micro particles were added. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents the finite element modelling (FEM) of Concrete Beam, Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) Beam and Concrete Beam strengthened with Carbon Fiber-reinforced Polymer (CFRP) laminates using Ansys18.1 software. Most widely used structural element i.e., concrete suffers from the problem of low ductility and less tensile strength. To overcome such drawbacks and to facilitate the fire and weather resistance, reinforced concrete systems were used in various building structures. Further, many researchers have found composite materials such as Fiber-reinforced Concrete (FRC) to reduce the deformation and extra stress. CFRP are the light weight composite materials which uses carbon fiber as a primary structural element. CFRP are found as much stiffed per unit weight to assess the efficacy in terms of strength. However, these structures faces the problem of high cost as the RCC uses costly forms of the casting. Therefore, in this work we have presented comprehensive investigation of concrete beam, RCC beam and concrete beam strengthened with CFRP by conducting static analysis in terms of deflection and stress measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This investigation focuses on the environmental impacts of cement production as well as possible mitigation strategies for global warming. Limestone and other nonrenewable resources have become less plentiful as a result of increased rawmaterial gathering to meet the rising demand for cement. In addition to harming the natural habitat of several plant and animal species, resource extraction from natural ecosystems increases the possibility of ecological imbalance. Due to its rapid consumption, the likelihood that this finite resource will run out in the near future is rising quickly. The company'sraw material processing stages also generate a lot of dust, noise, and greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide, all of which degrade the environment and hasten climate change. People's daily life are made harder by unwelcome environmental impediments. One way to address this issue is through improved cement plant production techniques, which enable the creation of cleaner cement. Industrial waste could be utilised in cement-free concrete or as anadditional cementitious material, lowering the nation's dependency on cement and improving the environment. We need to employ materials that use less natural resources, are more economical, and have less of an impact on the environment if we hope to be successful in using other alternative materials as concrete binder. In the end, this will contribute to a more robust and wholesome ecosystem for coming generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concrete has played a significant role in the building industry for many decades. Cement, fine aggregate, and coarse aggregate are all used in the production of concrete. Cement is a binding material in concrete, and the use of this cementing material emits more CO2. Cement is partly substituted with industrial wastematerials such as fly ash (FACF) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), which has pozzolanic properties, to minimise carbon emissions. The aim of this study is to determine the compression, tensile, and flexural strength of standard concrete when fly ash and GGBS are partially replaced in cement in three proportions. The optimised mix was investigated with the addition of 0.5 percent glass fibres to cementitious material based on the proposed mixes. The concrete's output was measured using cast specimens that wereexamined for 7, 28, 56, and 90 days. Finally, in testing, 25% of GGBS and fly ash produced the best results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Concrete has played a significant role in the building industry for many decades. Cement, fine aggregate, and coarse aggregate are all used in the production of concrete. Cement isa binding materialin concrete, and the use of this cementing material emits more CO2. Cement is partly substituted with industrial waste materials such as fly ash (FACF) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), which has pozzolanic properties, to minimise carbon emissions. The aim of this study is to determine the compression, tensile, and flexural strength of standard concrete when fly ash and GGBS are partially replaced in cement in three proportions. The optimised mix was investigated with the addition of 0.5 percent glass fibres to cementitious material based on the proposed mixes. The concrete's output was measured using cast specimens that were examined for 7, 28, 56, and 90 days. Finally, in testing, 25% of GGBS and fly ash produced the best results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concrete is very sensitive in its fresh condition. Cracks are nearly unavoidable even after taking every precaution from the selection of material to the casting of concrete. Cracks are termite for concrete. hence it is necessary to provide such agents in the concrete which can increase its autogenous healing ability. In this paper, bacillus subtilis bacteria and sugarcane bagasse ash have been used in concrete to study their effects on its strength and water absorption property. The experiment is done in two steps. In the first step, sugarcane bagasse-ash is used in cement concrete as partial replacement with cement by 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% to find out optimum replacement value of bagasse ash for which we get maximum compressive strength of the concrete and we found it at 10 % replacement. Then in the second step, solution of bacillus subtilis bacteria having concentration 105 cells/ml is used with bagasse ash partially replaced with cement by 10% in the casting of concrete. It was found that the compressive strength further increases by 20.57% with the addition of bacteria in bagasse-ash based concrete. Water absorption capacity was found to be reduced up to 20.10%. Hence the crux is that the use of bacillus subtilis bacteria at the concentration 105 cells/ml and sugarcane bagasse ash with 10% replacement with OPC improves the mechanical properties and impermeability by reducing the water absorption capacity of concrete. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smart materials are the product of significant advances in industrial engineering and can be used in a number of ways. This study examines a number of smart materials used in current building constructions from the perspectives of civil engineering and architecture, as well as the benefits they may provide. These advantages include the construction of the building, the interior design, and the façade approach. A new attractive effect is a very major cause of the usage of specific product. This impression is created by means of improved patterns; shape alteration, dynamic imagery display. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Creation of concrete outcomes in outflow of a comparable measure of carbon dioxide which is a green-house gas into environment causing an unnatural weather change. Fly debris and ground granulated impact heater slag (GGBS) has cementitious material properties and thus can be utilized as substitute material for concrete to defeat the ecological issues. During power age in warm plants huge quantity of fly debris is created as a side-effect, removal of which is issue and comparably GGBS is supportive of reduced in steel plants. Stream sand access is likewise getting all the more exorbitant and restricted due to unlawful digging in this manner fabricated sand is utilized as another for waterway sand. Thus, in this investigation an endeavour is made to contemplate the compressive strength and flexural strength of geo-polymer concrete made of M sand exposed to warm relieving at 500C and 600C with various proportions of the activator arrangements, molarities of soluble arrangement presented to raised temperature. Sodium Hydroxide and Sodium Silicate arrangements were utilized as antacid activators in various blend extents. Geopolymer is regularly known as inorganic aluminohydride polymer which is blended prevalently from silicon and aluminium particles in fly ash and GGBS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanotechnology is a branch of science that works with particles smaller than 100 nanometers in diameter. Nanotechnology has traditionally been concerned with advancements in a variety of domains, including microbiology, medical, electrical, chemical, and materials sciences. The material behaviour of every structure is primarily determined by structural components, with subsequent performance being influenced by the mechanical behaviour of its materials, which operate on a micro and nanoscale. At the nanoscale, commonly used materials can also have significantly different characteristics – changes in colour, strength, elasticity, resistivity, durability and other qualities can be affected. The capacityto modify materials at the nano structural level ensures that the innovation of material conduct and performance predicted to increase primarily mechanical performance,volume change characteristics, durability, and sustainability is delivered. Using nanotechnology to enhance conventional concrete creates a new, smart, eco-and environment-friendly construction material for green structures. This research gave an overview of nanotechnology facts and explanations, as well as specific literature on nanotechnology's application in the construction industry, namely in concrete manufacturing, steel, wood, and glass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multifunctional magnetic Nanoparticles (MFMNPs) are potentially applicable in both drug delivery systems (DDS) and hyperthermia treatment. Structural, surface morphology and optical property were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and photoluminescence (PL) measurement. Uniform Eu3+:Gd2O3 hollow microspheres of 1.8-2.0 μm diameters were synthesized by template based approach. We found that synthesized Hollow spheres are 100 nm in thickness. FE-SEM images revealed that the synthesized material are hollow in structure with good porous structure and these pores work as pathway for releasing drugs from the hollow particle inside. Luminescent properties of material were studied by room temperature photoluminescence emission spectra under the excitation of 275 nm. Material exhibit bright red emission corresponding to the 5D0-7F2 transition of the activator ions under ultraviolet light excitation, which might find potential applications in fields such as drug delivery or biological labeling because of their excellent luminescence properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have synthesized Cu-doped ZnO nanorods having a length within the range of 400 ± 100 nm and diameter 80 ± 10 nm via hydrothermal method. Hexagonal wurtzite structures of the prepared samples are confirmed via X-ray diffraction (XRD). A significant change in the band gap (3.00 -3.28 eV) is observed with the increase in Cu doping concentration (0-10 mole %) in the UV-Vis absorption spectra. Also, an enhancement in current is obtained in the I-V measurement with increasing Cu content in the ZnO. The present results suggest that the incorporation of Cu in ZnO has improved the optical and electrical properties which make it a good candidate for optoelectronic applications and solar cell devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This present work represents a single step hydrothermal method for the preparation of N, and N, S dual doped graphene oxide (GO). First time, a comparative electrochemical study between single dope and dual doped GO was carried out using potassium ferrocyanide as an electro-active probe molecule and found that the dual doped GO has the highest electrocatalytic activity than single doped, due to the presence of two heteroatoms as a doping material. Afterwards, the dual doped GO was successfully applied for the electrochemical detection of a rare earth element i.e. europium, with LOD value of 5.92 μg L-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ag nanoparticle decorated reduced graphene oxide (rGO-Ag) have been synthesized successfully by simultaneously reducing graphene oxide and AgNO3 with hydrazine hydrate as reducing agent. The synthesized rGO-Ag has been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to study the structural properties and finally utilized for the electrochemical detection of anti-cancer drug flutamide (FLT). The prominent peak at the position of around 0.07 V is observed in the voltammogram which indicates the catalytic reduction of NO2 group of FLT by rGO-Ag. The fabricated sensor posses a linear detection range of 0.1 to 0.3 mM with a detection limit as low as 1.16 μM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to fulfill the unquenchable demand of this expanded human society, a large number of industries have grown up resulting in a severe pollution in air, soil and water as well. Industrial dye is one of the most abundant contaminant in fresh water. Here we have prepared reduced graphene oxide/nickel hydroxide nanocomposite (rGo/Ni(OH)2) by a facile hydrothermal method, aiming for the treatment of water disposed by the textile industries. The characteristic properties of the prepared sample was observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The effect of rGo/Ni(OH)2 on the adsorption of Rhodamine B (Rh-B) in aqueous solution was investigated, mainly focusing on the removal time. It was found that, at 45 min, the composite shows a complete disappearance of the initial concentration of Rhodamine B (RhB). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Present work describes the facile one-step wet chemical synthesis of CuO nanostructure and its potential application in non-enzymatic glucose sensor. The as synthesized CuO powder sample is characterized by XRD, FESEM and EDX. Successful formation of CuO with monoclinic phase is verified from XRD. Uniform distribution of grains with size 40-50 nm is observed in the FESEM micrographs. CuO nanostructure modified electrode exhibits almost 1.9 times larger current than bare electrode, implies better electrochemical response compared to the unmodified/bare electrode. Large surface area and fast redox ability of CuO nanostructure demonstrated direct electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose with enhanced sensor responses. The developed sensor exhibits linear dependence range from 0.5-47mM, having LOD as low as 57μM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silver nanoparticle decorated reduced graphene oxide (AgNP@rGO) nanocomposite was synthesized and its electrocatalytic activity was studied. The synthesized nanocomposite was characterized through Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. FESEM analysis clearly shows the two-dimensional nature of the rGO along with the decoration of Ag NPs on the surface and edges of rGO sheets. The electroactive surface area and the roughness factor of the modified and the blank electrodes were measured by cyclic voltammetry. The AgNP@rGO nanocomposites modified electrode shows greater current response as compared to blank and rGO electrodes. The electroactive surface area of AgNP@rGO was found to be larger (0.014 cm²) as compare to rGO (0.007 cm²) and blank (0.006 cm²) electrodes. The roughness factor calculated for AgNP@rGO modified electrode was measured to be higher (0.166) than that of rGO (0.083) and blank (0.075) electrode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An electrochemical sensor for detection of mancozeb from soil and vegetable sample using molecularly imprinted star polymer modified with iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) is described in this work. We have prepared SPIONS by hydrothermal method and modified with vinyl silane to introduce double bond at their surface. The vinyl group modified SPIONs were used to form mancozeb imprinted star polymer (ISP). The ISPs have specific recognition ability high adsorption capacity towards their template molecule and could be easily extracted from complex matrices using a simple magnet. The prepared polymer was well characterized by field emissive scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Under the optimum condition, the prepared sensor shows good response for mancozeb in the range of 5.96 to 222.39 μg L-1 (detection limit = 0.98 μg L-1). The proposed sensors have highly selective for detection of mancozeb in soil and vegetable samples also. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have synthesized a fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) in an eco-friendly and cost effective manner through the combination of microwave plus hydrothermal process using elephant foot yam (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius) as carbon precursor. Combination of two processes was used to save time as well as energy with less use of harsh chemicals. The resultant CDs has good photostability, high quantum yield, excellent water dispersibility and high storage ability. Further, CDs was applied for the detection of Hg2+ ion from aqueous and real samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work represents the preparation of imprinted magnetic reduced graphene oxide and applied it for the selective removal of Eu (III) from local coal mines area. A simple solid phase extraction method was used for this purpose. The material shows a very high adsorption as well as removal efficiency towards Eu (III), which suggest that the material have potential to be used in future for their real time applications in removal of Eu (III) from complex matrices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spherical nanophosphors of ZnO of mean size 10–20 nm were synthesized at room temperature by simple co-precipitation method. Their size and shape were governed by several encapsulations using compounds like biotin, citric acid and Poly vinyl alcohol (PVA). Besides playing a critical role in determining their size and shape, these biomolecules served as effective capping agents. The antibacterial behavior of the suspension of fine ZnO nanophosphors was investigated against the gram negative bacillus Escherichia coli. The growth curve showed bacteriostatic activity against Escherichia coli. The antibacterial activities of the ZnO nanophosphors can be attributed to their total surface area, as increasing surface to volume ratio of nanophosphors provides more efficient means for enhanced antibacterial activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]