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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have revolutionized modern composites offering unique properties and strength with less weight. CNTs themselves possess remarkable electrical, optical, mechanical, thermal, and tribological properties which have been appreciated as ideal fibers for nanocomposite structures. These features may be different when comparing a pristine CNT with defects. To explore this, armchair and zigzag single-walled CNTs containing 2.5% vacancy defects have been modeled and studied. The studies have been performed using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation technique with Condensed-phase Optimized Molecular Potentials for Atomistic Simulation Studies (COMPASS) force field to predict the mechanical properties. The obtained values corroborated well with previous literature. The results revealed the reduction in young's modulus of the armchair and zigzag CNTs with vacancy defects when compared with pristine CNTs are of about 8.08%, 8.65%, and shear modulus 5.9%, and 7.52%, respectively. The investigation shows the trend of reduction in predicted young's modulus values with increase in CNTs radius and increases in shear modulus for same. In addition, the influence of single vacancy (SV) defects has also been studied and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Progress in data-driven materials design significantly accelerated the pace of discovering novel materials and provided a new direction to molecular simulations. The availability of large databases has increased the complexity of predicting new materials data using an accurate set of methods. In this article, an attempt has been made to discuss and highlight the recent developments in materials discovery and innovation. The fourth paradigm of scientific exploration has been discussed with three basic activities such as capture, curation, and analysis. Computer simulations are considered a major component that can contribute to the development of novel materials. Here, we have reviewed the research work and data published for mechanical, thermal, and tribological properties using the molecular dynamics simulation method for composite materials. The article is intended to provide an understanding of applications of atomics simulation techniques for composite materials and further use of the results for the prediction of new materials databases to reduce the materials discovery and commercialization time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban and metropolitan areas lack the well-developed and properly managed traffic management system. Recent studies estimate that a large segment of population will migrate to urban areas by the next decade making these areas highly congested and populated. The complication of traffic control in urban areas has elevated road congestion. The mismanagement of traffic due to the fixed traffic light system (FTLS) has widely affected the road transportation. This paper proposes an Intelligent Traffic Light System (ITLS) for Ludhiana Road transportation and makes a comparison between the FTLS and ITLS. In the normal traffic system, they have an average of 180seconds time duration to bypassing the signal whereas in ITLS mode of operation, it looks for the heavy traffic lane and increases the 90 more seconds to allow the vehicles to bypass the signals from the heavy load lane. With the help of image sensor, CANNY Edge detection algorithm detecting the edges of the vehicles and store the information at edge server. Edge server then computes the green signal activation for heavy load lane information and makes the decision to give the way of concerned lane. values of the used here to carry the heavy load information to the traffic signal system to the implementing ITLS. The comparison regards the ITLS as an efficient system for traffic management and congestion control, plunging the delay and the average waiting time of the vehicles. This research paper discusses the overall architecture of ITLS, implementation of CANNY Edge detection algorithm and green signal activation algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Automotive Maintenance for an engine contributes to its reliability, energy efficiency and repair cost reduction. Modeling of engine performance and fault detection require large amount of data, which are usually obtained on test benches. This report presents a methodical study on analysis of variation in lubrication system of various medium speed engines. Further this study is limited to the influence of Engine Oil Pressure on frictional losses, Torque analysis for various Oil Pressures and an analytical analysis of engine Lubrication System. The data collected from various Engines under diagnostics is represented graphically. Finally the illustrated results were used as a viable source for detection and troubleshooting of faults in Lubrication System of regular passenger vehicle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of radon concentration was measured in some areas of Pathankot district, Punjab, India, from the health hazard point of view due to radon. The exposure to radon through drinking water is largely by inhalation and ingestion. RAD 7, an electronic solid state silicon detector (Durridgeco., USA) was used to measure the radon concentration in drinking water samples of the study area. The recorded values of radon concentration in these water samples are below the recommended limit by UNSCEAR and European commission. The recommended limit of radon concentration in water samples is 4 to 40 Bq/1 given by UNSCEAR [1] and European commission has recommended the safe limit for radon concentration in water sample is 100 Bq/1 [2]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self Assembled Monolayer was deposited on silicon substrate using 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS). The diffusion barrier properties of this layer against copper diffusion were studied. For this purpose, Cu/SiO2/Si and Cu/SAM/SiO2/Si structures were compared. The samples were annealed at various temperatures in vacuum ambient. The characterization was performed using X-Ray diffraction, Four Probe Resistivity measurement and Capacitance-Voltage technique. C-V measurement was performed by applying Bias Thermal Stress (BTS). XRD Results indicated that combination of SiO2/SAM worked as diffusion barrier layer up to 600 °C whereas SiO2 could work as barrier only up to 400 °C. C-V and resistivity plots also supported the possibility of using SAM as a good barrier for copper metallization in VLSI systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphene thin film has been synthesize by thermal reduction of graphene oxide (GO) formed by modified Hummer's method. GO solution was prepared in DI water and subsequently deposited on the SiO2/Si substrate by spin casting at 2000rpm. The prepared samples were thermally reduced at different temperature in vacuum. The XRD results confirms the reduction of GO. Four probe conductivity measurement technique was used for the conductivity measurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]