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On-farm agricultural water reservoirs in Brunei are prone to evaporation due to the hot tropical climate with higher temperatures combined with the increasingly unpredictable climate change. Reservation of water during the rainy season was practised to supply water in the hot season. However, reserved water also gets a significant loss due to wind speeds, humidity gradient, and high temperatures. In this project, evaporation loss in the water reservoir has been investigated. This project has studied the water catchment at the Institute of Brunei Technological Education (IBTE) Agro-Technology Campus and analyse the effectiveness of reducing the evaporation rate between water permeable shade cloth, shade balls, and banana leaves. Cost-benefits analysis has also been done for these methods. This project utilised pools to test the hypothesis that covering a water reservoir surface will reduce the evaporation rate. Shade cloth was found to be the most effective evaporation control which reduced the evaporation rate by an average of 64%, followed by a floating ball by 41%. Whereas the banana leaf cover provided an insignificant evaporation reduction by 3%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon footprint is the total amount of greenhouse gas, which traps heat in the atmosphere and leads to climate change and global warming. Brunei Darussalam has a high carbon dioxide emission with a concerning number of 18.28 tons per capita, higher than larger countries. This research aims to study and analyze the carbon emission of a sector in Brunei Darussalam; the transportation of attendees from Universiti Teknologi Brunei (UTB). The carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2eq) of a vehicle is calculated by multiplying the fuel consumption in liters/100km and the fuel type conversion value in kg CO2eq. A survey was distributed to collect the attendees' vehicle information, their driving habits and knowledge on carbon footprint. The data was analyzed using the descriptive statistical analysis in Jeffrey's Amazing Statistic Program and concluded that the majority of the respondents has high transportation CO2eq, low priority on eco-friendly vehicles and low practice of reducing their transport CO2eq. However, most respondents are interested to learn about Brunei's attempt in increasing the sales on electric vehicles before the year 2035. Their interest in the topic can help in education on the importance of reducing carbon footprint in Brunei and expand the awareness on the matter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research is made to investigate the effectiveness of Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) over flood-cooling lubrication in lathe turning operation on a 1-inch-thick mild steel rod. The cutting tool used for this operation was a tungsten carbide Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) coating. Two results needed to be determined; surface roughness value and chip formations. These were carried out using an orthogonal array (OA), and the analysis of variance (ANOVA). The experiment was carried out using cutting speeds of 460, 750 and 1250 rpm and feed rates of 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 mm/rev. The depth of cut was maintained at 0.125 mm throughout the whole experiment. It was observed that cutting speed and feed rate have significant effect on surface roughness. In terms of chips produced from the turning operation, there were more discontinuous chips being obtained in flood-cooling conditions than in MQL conditions. In comparison, more segmented chips were produced in MQL conditions. The optimum process parameter setting of the experimental design was obtained, with high cutting speed and low feed rate in both MQL and flood-cooling lubrication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Flow forming process is a tube spinning process where the thickness of a tube is reduced with the help of spinning roller/s by keeping the internal diameter unchanged. A 3-D Finite element model for the flow-formability test has been developed by using Abaqus/explicit software. A coupled damage criterion based on continuum damage mechanics (CDM) has been studied in this research. The damage model is introduced by using FORTRAN based VUMAT subroutine which is developed through a stress integration algorithm. Further, the effect of reduction angle, friction coefficient, and coolant heat transfer coefficient on fracture has been studied. The results show that the formability improves with increase in reduction angle. Both, equivalent plastic strain and damage variable increases from inner to outer surface of flow formed tube. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An Annular Solar Eclipse (ASE) occurred on 15 January 2010, which was observed in most parts of India. This paper reports the changes observed in solar irradiance and meteorological parameters (temp [T], relative humidity [RH] and dew point) associated with the ASE mainly at three locations (Greater Noida, Kanpur and Hyderabad) in India that are located far away from the eclipse path. A decrease in solar irradiance in the range of 25-59% (maximum in Hyderabad and minimum in Greater Noida) as well as a slight decrease in RH is observed during solar eclipse. The radiosonde and AIRS data show changes in the normal trend of meteorological conditions at different pressure levels indicating strong influence of solar eclipse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]