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The leather tanning industry is one of the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises or known as UMKM which has increased production in sales so that it has a major contribution to economic growth in Indonesia. MSMEs engaged in the processing of raw leather to finished leather to be further processed into salable goods are in Garut, West Java, Indonesia. In addition to producing salable products, the leather tanning industry also has the potential to generate solid waste and liquid waste from leftover leather and chemicals as raw materials used during the leather tanning process which contain chemicals that can cause pollution to soil, water, and can cause an unpleasant odor. unsavory because of the decomposition of the skin and the residual liquid from tanning the skin. In supporting the running of existing business processes at one of the MSMEs in Garut, West Java, Indonesia it is necessary to use waste management that is integrated with the company's information system. In this research, an integrated ERP system will be developed to support the concept of a circular economy using the Odoo application with the Quickstart method which can record and schedule solid waste and liquid waste processing processes and develop monitoring dashboards that present information from the waste treatment business processes that have been carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the manufacturing industries that has the potential to have an impact on the environment is the leather processing industry. The leather tanning industry is an industry that converts raw animal skins into tanned leather. This leather is then used as raw material for the manufacture of various leather products such as shoes, bags, jackets, sandals, belts, and other leather crafts. The leather tanning industry produces liquid and solid waste that has the potential to cause negative impacts. impact on the environment. Meanwhile, industries that make leather products produce solid waste in the form of patchwork. To overcome this problem, there is an industrial symbiotic approach which is a form of cooperation between different industries. This form of cooperation can increase the profits of each industry and ultimately have a positive impact on the environment. This study aims to establish a pattern of cooperation between the leather tanning industry and the leather processing industry to minimize the waste generated. The results show that the implementation of industrial symbiosis can be carried out by five leather processing business actors, they cooperate in the processing of the waste produced so as to minimize waste that has economic value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The leather tanning industry is an industry that converts raw animal skins into leather, and in Indonesia has been in the spotlight due to pollution from the waste it produces. There are several ways to deal with pollution due to industrial activities, including green manufacturing and lean manufacturing. Green manufacturing leads to the minimization of negative environmental impacts from design to the end the product life cycle. Meanwhile, lean manufacturing teaches simplification through waste elimination. This study aims to apply appropriate green manufacturing and lean manufacturing, as an effort to overcome the problems experienced by the leather tanning industry. The approach taken begins with creating a data collection instrument in accordance with the research variables that have been determined. An overview of the business processes of a leather tanning company using IDEF0 and its derivatives. The elimination of waste in the manufacturing function is carried out by identifying activities that add value and those that do not. The results study show that the application of green manufacturing in the leather tanning industry is the efficiency of water use in the beam house process. While the implementation of lean manufacturing is to eliminate activities that do not provide added value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The factors that affect the quality indices of a semi-finished leather product after squeezing out excess moisture are discussed. The results of the influence of changes in monshon (moisture-permeable technical cloth) properties on the squeezing process of a leather semi-finished product are given. It is shown that with an increase in time of operation, to maintain the required residual moisture, the pressing force of the working rolls must be increased as compared to the initial force. The thickness of monshons made of LASH cloth at the beginning of operation sharply decreases; in monshons made of the BM cloth, the residual strain is insignificant. The BM cloth is not much deformed as it is a denser fabric woven from wool, and its length along the perimeter is greater than the length of the LASH cloth coatings. It was stated that an increase in specific pressure after reaching a certain value slightly reduces the moisture content of the pressed material and the operation under high pressures is not advisable, because the substantial reduction in moisture content that can be obtained will not compensate for deflections, accelerated wear of the roll coating and an increase in the power consumption of electric motors. In addition, an increase in pressure between the squeezing rollers in the materials to be pressed (such as semi-finished leather) leads to an increase in the number of folds and wrinkles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The attention and awareness of all business actors in the leather industry center on environmental aspects must be increased so that the negative impact of leather processing industry activities on the environment can be minimized. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate strategies and steps that must be taken for the process of implementing green manufacturing in leather industry centers so that a clean production process can be realized. This article describes a theoretical framework on how green manufacturing practices should be applied in leather industry centers to minimize the generation of hazardous waste generated by the leather industry. This framework can be used as a guide on how to practice green manufacturing in the leather industry, including the involvement of all stakeholders in carrying out their roles. Thus, the existence of the center not only has an economic impact but is also environmentally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keratinase is an alternative material used in the dehairing process of leather tanning industry to minimise production of hazardous waste. In the preservation process, leather soaked in high salt content solution, thus high salt tolerant keratinase is needed in this industry. By using halophilic bacteria isolated from the Bledug Kuwu mud crater, the BK-1H isolate is expected to have keratinase activity that can be used in the dehairing process of leather tanning. Isolate BK-1H used in this research refer to previous research that shown the high proteolitic index. The isolate needed to be identified for their ability to produce enzymes. The research stage include : (1) Gram staining and observation of bacterial colony morphology, (2) characterization of proteases by determining the optimum pH and temperature of the enzyme, and knowing the effect of metal addition on enzyme activity, (3) the variation effect of pH, time, and humidity to enzymes activity, (4) the ability of bacteria to degrade chicken feathers, (5) the ability of enzymes to degrade chicken feathers, and (6) genotypic identification of isolates using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. BK-1H was identified as a rod-shaped Gram-negative bacteria. Protease produced by BK-1H showed a maximum activity of 4,083 U/mL at 46 °C. The highest activity value for pH optimum is 1.308 (±0.243) U/mL, at pH 7. The addition of metal ions Zn2+, Ca2+, Co2+, and Mg2+ decrease enzymes their activity so that further testing is needed for other metal ions. The effect of variations pH at the time of enzyme production showed the highest yield at pH 10 with the optimum time of enzyme production within 2 days. The results of the sequencing showed the relations between BK-1H to Bacillus swezeyi with an identity percentage of 98.51%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article studies the current state of production and processing of leather and fur in Uzbekistan, the current state of production from them. The study analyzes the attraction of investments in the leather and footwear industry in 2016-2021, industrial production, areas of economic reforms, export volumes, the activities of enterprises that are members of the Association "Uzcharmsanoat" and located in Namangan region. The scientific work currently underway to increase the range of leather products and bring product quality to the level of standard requirements is analyzed and conclusions are made. Based on the analysis, further research will focus on the production of new assortments of leather and fur, based on existing requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, leather tanning processes produce huge amounts of leather wastes (LW) where it become a concern due to environmental issue as it generates solid waste, wastewater and gases. Improper way of disposal will develop the oxidation of chromium such as from chromium (III) to chromium (IV) which is extremely toxic. This waste leather may be valuable to be used in rubber based material as a value-added additive such as filler. In this study, natural rubber (NR) and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) were blended together at the fixed ratio 60:40 and reinforced with nanosilica (nS) and chrome tanned waste leather (WL), by varying WL loading ranging from 0 phr to 50 phr by using a two-roll mill. The synergistic effect of hybrid nS/WL on the rheological and mechanical properties of NR/SBR blend properties was investigated. The results showed that the addition of WL in NR/SBR-nS had prolong the optimum cure time due to acidity character of both nS and WL. The hardness and M100 increases with the increasing of WL loading. Tensile strength and elongation at break of NR-nS/WL deteriorates due to weak interfacial bonding between hydrophilic nS/WL filler and hydrophobic RB although the compatibilizer was added in the formulation. Based on the overall properties, NR/SBR filled nS with higher WL loading tend to produce a lightweight of rubber products due to the spongy character of WL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the case where the base plate on which the flat material is suspended exits the coverage area of the shaft pairs covered with the first working elastic material and the shaft pairs covered with the second working elastic material hit the coverage area, when the forces acting on the shafts are under potential forces. For a mechanical system under potential forces, Lagrange's second-order motion equations are formulated. Solutions of the formulated equations were obtained and theoretically studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the experimental study of the residual moisture content in semi-finished leather in the process of roller pressing. An empirical dependence is obtained that describes the residual moisture as a power function of load intensity, diameters and roller speeds. It was found that with a decrease in the diameters and speeds of the rollers, and an increase in the load intensity, the residual moisture of the leather decreases. It was revealed that the best effect of load intensity was observed in squeezing machines with low speeds and small diameters. All other things being equal, the function of the dependence of residual moisture on the diameter of the rollers can be considered as linearly increasing one. At other constant parameters, with an increase in the speed of the rollers, the squeezing effect deteriorates, that is, the residual moisture increases and asymptotically approaches a certain value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leather is a sturdy material renowned for its fashion, style and versatility. High quality cutting and simple adjustment of cutting geometry are provided by laser cutting of leather. Diode lasers can process leather rapidly and efficiently. An endeavor to investigate the machining of buffalo leather using power diode laser cutting technique was suggested in the proposed approach. Laser cutting attempts were performed on buffalo leather samples with thickness of 2 mm. This work explores the much effective utilization of power diode laser cutting method of leather to distinguish its advantages and disadvantages. It also provides discrimination between laser cutting and traditional cutting of leather. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The flexural and compressive properties of chrome tanned leather waste (CTLW) short fibre filled unsaturated polyester composite were studied by comparing the performance of untreated (UT) and treated (T) chrome tanned leather waste (CTLW) short fibre filled unsaturated polyester composite as a function of filler loading. The CTLW was manually cut into strips and pulverised two times by passing through the sieve size of 0.25 mm. The pulverised CTLW was treated with 1 wt% concentration of silane coupling agent. Both untreated and treated samples of CTLW short fibre filled unsaturated polyester (UPE) composite were fabricated by using the casting technique in the open mould. The sample was prepared based on 0.5wt%,1.0 wt%, 1.5 wt%, 2.0 wt%, 2.5 wt% and 3.0 wt% filler loading, initial cured at 70°C for 1 hour and post cured at 90°C for 24 hours. The flexural and compressive properties of the composite samples were studied by using Shimadzu AG-X. From the data obtained, it was found out that the mechanical properties reduce as the amount of CTLW increases. Nevertheless, the treated CTLW values are higher compared to the untreated CTLW. The reasons is because of the reduction of the fibre bundle and clump together due to the treatment effect. Technically, the performances of natural fibre based composites are depending firmly on the interfacial strength of the dissimilar polarity of the composite constituents. The development of CTLW based polymer composite revealed the mechanical properties of the composite are quite impressive and applicable for replacing some composite product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tanning industry is one of the companies that produce many pollutants and cause the negative impact on the environment. In the production process of tanning leather, the use of input material need to be evaluated. The problem of waste, not only have a negative impact on the environment, but also human health. In this study, the impact of mimosa as vegetable tanning agent evaluated. This study will provide alternative solutions for improvements to the use of vegetable tanning agent. The alternative solution is change mimosa with indusol, gambier, and dulcotan. This study evaluate the vegetable tanning of some aspects using material flow analysis and life cycle assessment approach. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is used to evaluate the environmental impact of vegetable tanning agent. Alternative solution selection using fuzzy multi-attribute decision making (FMADM) approach. Results obtained by considering the environment, human toxicity, climate change, and marine aquatic ecotoxicity, is to use dulcotan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Islands on the southern coasts of Thailand are famous attractions for local and foreign tourists. Tourists usually expose their skins to solar radiation for tanning. Thus information on solar ultraviolet radiation (UV) is of importance for tourists to protect themselves from adverse effects of UV. In this work, solar erythemal ultraviolet radiation (EUV) at two touristic sites namely Samui island (9.451°N, 100.033°E) and Phuket island (8.104°N, 98.304°E) was investigated. In investigating EUV, broadband UV radiometers (Kipp & Zonen, model UVS-B-C) were installed at existing meteorological stations in Samui and Phuket islands. A one-year period of EUV data from these two sites was analyzed. The level of UV index at these sites was studied. The values of UV index higher than 12 at noon time of clear days are usually found in the summer at both sites. Seasonal variation of EUV at both sites was investigated. It was found that the tropical monsoons have strong influence on this variation. Finally, global broadband radiation measured at the sites was also used to establish a correlation between EUV and global broadband radiation. Higher correlation was found for the case of clear sky, as compared to the case of cloudy sky. The correlation obtained from this analysis can be used to estimate EUV from global broadband radiation at these two sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]