1. Association between soft drink consumption and mortality in 10 European countries
- Author
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Pilar Amiano, Jonathan Pearson-Stuttard, María José Sánchez, Kay-Tee Khaw, Roel Vermeulen, Marc J. Gunter, Krasimira Aleksandrova, J. Ramón Quirós, Heiner Boeing, Rudolf Kaaks, Stina Ramne, Antonia Trichopoulou, W M Monique Verschuren, Elio Riboli, Eva Ardanaz, David C. Muller, Elisabete Weiderpass, Vivian Viallon, Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, Antonio Agudo, Anna Karakatsani, Jytte Halkjær, Kim Overvad, Anne Tjønneland, Tammy Y.N. Tong, Heinz Freisling, Jolanda M. A. Boer, Emily Sonestedt, Tilman Kühn, Georgia Martimianaki, Neil Murphy, Christine L. Parr, Guri Skeie, Domenico Palli, Pernilla Lif Holgersson, Magdalena Stepien, Guy Fagherazzi, Bethany Van Guelpen, Francesca Mancini, Alicia K Heath, Konstantinos K. Tsilidis, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, Salvatore Panico, Lluís Cirera, Amy Mullee, Claudia Agnoli, Julie A. Schmidt, Dora Romaguera, Rosario Tumino, and Carlotta Sacerdote
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Population ,Mortalities ,01 natural sciences ,Begudes ,Beverages ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Artificial sweetenings ,Environmental health ,Journal Article ,Mortalitat ,Internal Medicine ,Medicine ,VDP::Medisinske Fag: 700 ,Sugar sweetenings ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Mortality ,0101 mathematics ,education ,Consumption (economics) ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Public health ,010102 general mathematics ,Hazard ratio ,European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition ,Europe ,VDP::Medical disciplines: 700 ,Soft drink consumption ,Cohort ,Europa ,business ,Cohort study - Abstract
Importance: Soft drinks are frequently consumed, but whether this consumption is associated with mortality risk is unknown and has been understudied in European populations to date. Objective: To examine the association between total, sugar-sweetened, and artificially sweetened soft drink consumption and subsequent total and cause-specific mortality. Design, Setting, and Participants: This population-based cohort study involved participants (n = 451 743 of the full cohort) in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), an ongoing, large multinational cohort of people from 10 European countries (Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom), with participants recruited between January 1, 1992, and December 31, 2000. Excluded participants were those who reported cancer, heart disease, stroke, or diabetes at baseline; those with implausible dietary intake data; and those with missing soft drink consumption or follow-up information. Data analyses were performed from February 1, 2018, to October 1, 2018. Exposure: Consumption of total, sugar-sweetened, and artificially sweetened soft drinks. Main Outcomes and Measures Total mortality and cause-specific mortality. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs were estimated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models adjusted for other mortality risk factors. Results: In total, 521 330 individuals were enrolled. Of this total, 451 743 (86.7%) were included in the study, with a mean (SD) age of 50.8 (9.8) years and with 321 081 women (71.1%). During a mean (range) follow-up of 16.4 (11.1 in Greece to 19.2 in France) years, 41 693 deaths occurred. Higher all-cause mortality was found among participants who consumed 2 or more glasses per day (vs consumers of
- Published
- 2019
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