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© 2015 American Physical Society. The authors acknowledge valuable discussions with Jeremy N. Munday. The research at the University of Maryland was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant No. DMR-1401449., In this Letter, we consider a liquid mixture confined between two thermally conducting walls subjected to a stationary temperature gradient. While in a one-component liquid nonequilibrium fluctuation forces appear inside the liquid layer, nonequilibrium fluctuations in a mixture induce a Casimir-like force on the walls. The physical reason is that the temperature gradient induces large concentration fluctuations through the Soret effect. Unlike temperature fluctuations, nonequilibrium concentration fluctuations are also present near a perfectly thermally conducting wall. The magnitude of the fluctuation-induced Casimir force is proportional to the square of the Soret coefficient and is related to the concentration dependence of the heat and volume of mixing., National Science Foundation (NSF), EE.UU., Depto. de Estructura de la Materia, Física Térmica y Electrónica, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, TRUE, pub

© 2014 American Physical Society. The research was supported by the US National Science Foundation under Grant No. DMR-09-01907. We thank M. L. Huber, E. W. Lemmon, and R. A. Perkins of the US National Institute of Standards and Technology for providing us with relevant thermodynamic-property information for the evaluation of the NE pressures. In addition, J.O.Z. acknowledges support from the UCM/Santander Research Grant No. PR6/13-18867., Correlations in fluids in nonequilibrium steady states are long range. Hence, finite-size effects have important consequences in the nonequilibrium thermodynamics of fluids. One consequence is that nonequilibrium temperature fluctuations induce nonequilibrium Casimir-like pressures proportional to the square of the temperature gradient. Hence, fluctuations cause a breakdown of the concept of local thermal equilibrium. Furthermore, transport coefficients become dependent on boundary conditions and on gravity. Thus nonequilibrium fluctuations affect some traditional concepts in nonequilibrium thermodynamics., US National Science Foundation, UCM/Santander Research, Depto. de Estructura de la Materia, Física Térmica y Electrónica, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, TRUE, pub

© 2015 American Physical Society. The authors acknowledge valuable discussions with Jeremy N. Munday. The research at the University of Maryland was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant No. DMR-1401449., In this Letter, we consider a liquid mixture confined between two thermally conducting walls subjected to a stationary temperature gradient. While in a one-component liquid nonequilibrium fluctuation forces appear inside the liquid layer, nonequilibrium fluctuations in a mixture induce a Casimir-like force on the walls. The physical reason is that the temperature gradient induces large concentration fluctuations through the Soret effect. Unlike temperature fluctuations, nonequilibrium concentration fluctuations are also present near a perfectly thermally conducting wall. The magnitude of the fluctuation-induced Casimir force is proportional to the square of the Soret coefficient and is related to the concentration dependence of the heat and volume of mixing., National Science Foundation (NSF), EE.UU., Depto. de Estructura de la Materia, Física Térmica y Electrónica, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, TRUE, pub

© 2014 American Physical Society. The research was supported by the US National Science Foundation under Grant No. DMR-09-01907. We thank M. L. Huber, E. W. Lemmon, and R. A. Perkins of the US National Institute of Standards and Technology for providing us with relevant thermodynamic-property information for the evaluation of the NE pressures. In addition, J.O.Z. acknowledges support from the UCM/Santander Research Grant No. PR6/13-18867., Correlations in fluids in nonequilibrium steady states are long range. Hence, finite-size effects have important consequences in the nonequilibrium thermodynamics of fluids. One consequence is that nonequilibrium temperature fluctuations induce nonequilibrium Casimir-like pressures proportional to the square of the temperature gradient. Hence, fluctuations cause a breakdown of the concept of local thermal equilibrium. Furthermore, transport coefficients become dependent on boundary conditions and on gravity. Thus nonequilibrium fluctuations affect some traditional concepts in nonequilibrium thermodynamics., US National Science Foundation, UCM/Santander Research, Depto. de Estructura de la Materia, Física Térmica y Electrónica, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, TRUE, pub