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We use polarization-dependent angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) to study the highenergy anomaly (HEA) in the dispersion of Nd2-xCerCu04, x = 0.123. We find that at particular photon energies the anomalous, waterfall-like dispersion gives way to a broad, continuous band. This suggests that the HEA is a matrix element effect: it arises due to a suppression of the intensity of the broadened quasiparticle band in a narrow momentum range. We confirm this interpretation experimentally, by showing that the HEA appears when the matrix element is suppressed deliberately by changing the light polarization. Calculations of the matrix element using atomic wave functions and simulation of the ARPES intensity with one-step model calculations provide further evidence for this scenario. The possibility to detect the full quasiparticle dispersion further allows us to extract the high-energy self-energy function near the center and at the edge of the Brillouin zone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have studied the electronic structure of EuFe2As2-xPx using high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Upon substituting As with the isovalent P, which leads to chemical pressure and to superconductivity, we observe a nonrigid-band-like change of the electronic structure along the center of the Brillouin zone (BZ) in the form of an orbital and kz-dependent increase or decrease in the size of the hole pockets near the Γ-Z line. The diameter of the Fermi surface cylinders at the BZ corner which form electron pockets, increases at K and changes in a nonmonotonous way at X. This is in stark contrast to p- and n-type doped iron pnictides where, on the basis of ARPES experiments, a more rigid-band-like behavior has been proposed. These findings indicate that there are different ways in which the nesting conditions can be reduced causing the destabilization of the antiferromagnetic order and the appearance of the superconducting dome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy is used to study the scattering rates of charge carriers from the hole pockets near Γ in the iron-based high-Tc hole-doped superconductors KxBa1-xFe2As2, x=0.4, and KxEu1-xFe2As2, x=0.55, and the electron-doped compound Ba(Fe1-xCox)2As2, x=0.075. The scattering rate for any given band is found to depend linearly on the energy, indicating a non-Fermi-liquid regime. The scattering rates in the hole-doped compound are considerably higher than those in the electron-doped compounds. In the hole-doped systems the scattering rate of the charge carriers of the inner hole pocket is about three times higher than the binding energy, indicating that the spectral weight is heavily incoherent. The strength of the scattering rates and the difference between electron- and hole-doped compounds signals the importance of Hund's exchange coupling for correlation effects in these iron-based high-Tc superconductors. The experimental results are in qualitative agreement with theoretical calculations in the framework of combined density functional dynamical mean-field theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy is used to study the band dispersion and the quasiparticle scattering rates in two ferropnictide systems. We find the scattering rate for any given band to depend linearly on energy but to be independent of the control parameter. We demonstrate that the linear energy dependence gives rise to a weakly dispersing band with a strong mass enhancement when the band maximum crosses the chemical potential. The resulting small effective Fermi energy favors a BCS [J. Bardeen et al., Phys. Rev. 108, 1175 (1957)] -Bose-Einstein [S. N. Bose, Z. Phys. 26, 178 (1924)] crossover state in the superconducting phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high index (441) surface of bismuth has been studied using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (APRES), and spin-resolved ARPES. The surface is strongly corrugated, exposing a regular array of (110)-like terraces. Two surface localized states are observed, both of which are linearly dispersing in one in-plane direction (kx), and dispersionless in the orthogonal in-plane direction (ky), and both of which have a Dirac-like crossing at kx=0. Spin ARPES reveals a strong in-plane polarization, consistent with Rashba-like spin-orbit coupling. One state has a strong out-of-plane spin component, which matches with the miscut angle, suggesting its possible origin as an edge state. The electronic structure of Bi(441) has significant similarities with topological insulator surface states and is expected to support one-dimensional quantum spin Hall-like coupled spin-charge transport properties with inhibited backscattering, without requiring a topological insulator bulk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We analyze the strong hexagonal warping of the Dirac cone of Bi2Te3 by angle-resolved photoemission. Along ΓM, the dispersion deviates from a linear behavior meaning that the Dirac cone is warped outwards and not inwards. We show that this introduces an anisotropy in the lifetime broadening of the topological surface state which is larger along ΓK. The result is not consistent with an explanation by nesting properties. Based on the theoretically predicted modifications of the ground-state spin texture of a strongly warped Dirac cone, we propose spin-dependent scattering processes as explanation for the anisotropic scattering rates. These results could help paving the way for optimizing future spintronic devices using topological insulators and controlling surface-scattering processes via external gate voltages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

YbCo2 Si2 is considered to serve as a stable-valent, isoelectronic reference for the extensively studied heavyfermion system YbRh2Si2 which is situated very close to an antiferromagnetic quantum critical point (QCP). The investigation of the Fermi surface (FS) topology of YbCo2Si2 and its comparison to YbRh2Si2 could help to unravel the strongly disputed nature of this quantum phase transition, whether it originates from a "local" or "itinerant" QCP. Here we study the electronic structure and FS of YbCo2Si2 by means of angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES) and compare it to ab initio band structure calculations and FS modeling. Our approach allows the electronic structure at the surface and in the bulk to be disentangled. Identifying the bulk contribution, we demonstrate that YbCo2 Si2 exhibits a "small" FS, confirming the formation of a "large" FS in YbRh2Si2. This favors an itinerant QCP, instead of the widely discussed local scenario. Our study demonstrates that ARPES is a reliable tool for the study of bulk electronic states in intermetallic Kondo lattice systems despite the complexity induced by their three-dimensional character and the presence of pronounced surface states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electronic structure of the iron chalcogenide superconductor FeSe1–x was investigated by high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). The results were compared to DFT calculations showing some significant differences between the experimental electronic structure of FeSe1–x, DFT calculations, and existing data on FeSetTe1–x. The bands undergo a pronounced orbital-dependent renormalization, different from what was observed for FeSexTe1–x and any other pnictides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We performed a high-energy resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy investigation of overdoped Ba0.1K0.9Fe2As2 with Tc = 9 K. The Fermi surface topology of this material is similar to that of KFe2As2 and differs from that of slightly less doped Ba0.1K0.9Fe2As2, implying that a Lifshitz transition occurred between x = 0.7 and x = 0.9. Albeit for a vertical node found at the tip of the emerging off-M-centered Fermi surface pocket lobes, the superconducting gap structure is similar to that of Ba0.1K0.9Fe2As2, suggesting that the pairing interaction is not driven by the Fermi surface topology, but nevertheless reveals the possible importance of the Fermi surface topology in shaping the superconducting gap structure [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we investigate the electronic and magnetic properties of Rb0.77Fe1.61Se2 (Tc = 32.6 K) in normal and superconducting states by means of photoemission and μSR spectroscopies as well as band-structure calculations. We demonstrate that the unusual behavior of these materials is the result of separation into metallic (~12%) and insulating (~88%) phases. Only the former becomes superconducting and has a usual electronic structure of electron-doped FeSe slabs. Our results thus imply that the antiferromagnetic insulating phase is just a by-product of Rb intercalation and its magnetic properties have no direct relation to the superconductivity. Instead, we find that also in this class of iron-based compounds, the key ingredient for superconductivity is a certain proximity of a Van Hove singularity to the Fermi level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We used high-energy resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy to extract the momentum dependence of the superconducting gap of Ru-substituted Ba(Fe0.75Ru0.25)2As2 (Tc=15 K). Despite a strong out-of-plane warping of the Fermi surface, the magnitude of the superconducting gap observed experimentally is nearly isotropic and independent of the out-of-plane momentum. More precisely, we respectively observed 5.7 and 4.5 meV superconducting gaps on the inner and outer γ-centered hole Fermi surface pockets, whereas a 4.8 meV gap is recorded on the M-centered electron Fermi surface pockets. Our results are consistent with the J1-J2 model with a dominant antiferromagnetic exchange interaction between the next-nearest Fe neighbors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electronic structure of newly synthesized single crystals of calcium iron arsenide doped with sodium with Tc ranging from 33 to 14 K has been determined by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). The measured band dispersion is in general agreement with theoretical calculations, nonetheless implies absence of Fermi-surface nesting at an antiferromagnetic vector. A clearly developing below Tc strongly band-dependant superconducting gap has been revealed for samples with various doping levels. The BCS ratio for optimal doping, 2Δ/kBTc=5.5, is substantially smaller than the numbers observed for related compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy, supplemented by theoretical calculations has been applied to study the electronic structure of heavy-fermion material CeFePO, a homologue to the Fe-based high-temperature superconductors, and CeFeAs0.7P0.3O, where the applied chemical pressure results in a ferromagnetic order of the 4f moments. A comparative analysis reveals characteristic differences in the Fe-derived band structure for these materials, implying a rather different hybridization of valence electrons to the localized 4f orbitals. In particular, our results suggest that the ferromagnetism of Ce moments in CeFeAs0.7P0.3O is mediated mainly by Fe 3dxz/yz orbitals, while the Kondo screening in CeFePO is instead due to a strong interaction of Fe 3d3z2-r2 orbitals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We reveal a giant Rashba effect (&agr;R ≈ 1.3 eV Å) on a surface state of Ir(111) by angle-resolved photoemission and by density functional theory. It is demonstrated that the existence of the surface state, its spin polarization, and the size of its Rashba-type spin-orbit splitting remain unaffected when Ir is covered with graphene. The graphene protection is, in turn, sufficient for the spin-split surface state to survive in ambient atmosphere. We discuss this result along with indications for a topological protection of the surface state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nonmagnetic compounds showing extremely large magnetoresistance are attracting a great deal of research interest due to their potential applications in the field of spintronics. PtBi 2 is one of such interesting compounds showing large linear magnetoresistance (MR) in both the hexagonal and pyrite crystal structure. We use angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations to understand the mechanism of liner MR observed in the layered PtBi 2 . Our results uncover linear dispersive surface Dirac states at the ¯ Γ point, crossing the Fermi level with a node at a binding energy of ≈ 900 meV, in addition to the previously reported Dirac states at the ¯ M point in the same compound. We further notice from our dichroic measurements that these surface states show an asymmetric spectral intensity when measured with left and right circularly polarized light, hinting at a substantial spin polarization of the bands. Following these observations, we suggest that the linear dispersive Dirac states at the ¯ Γ and ¯ M points are likely to play a crucial role for the linear field dependent magnetoresistance recorded in this compound. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Combining multiple emergent correlated properties such as superconductivity and magnetism within the topological matrix can have exceptional consequences in garnering new and exotic physics. Here, we study the topological surface states from a noncentrosymmetric a-BiPd superconductor by employing angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and first-principles calculations. We observe that the Dirac surface states of this system have several interesting and unusual properties, compared to other topological surface states. The surface state is strongly anisotropic and the in-plane Fermi velocity varies rigorously on rotating the crystal about the y axis. Moreover, it acquires an unusual band gap as a function of ky, possibly due to hybridization with bulk bands, detected upon varying the excitation energy. The coexistence of all the functional properties in addition to the unusual surface state characteristics make this an interesting material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), we studied the effect of the impurity potential on the electronic structure of FeTe0.5Se0.5 superconductor by substituting 10% of Ni for Fe, which leads to an electron doping of the system. We could resolve three hole pockets near the zone center and an electron pocket near the zone corner in the case of FeTe0.5Se0.5, whereas only two hole pockets near the zone center and an electron pocket near the zone corner are resolved in the case of Fe0.9Ni0.1Te0.5Se0.5, suggesting that the hole pocket having predominantly the xy orbital character is very sensitive to the impurity scattering. Upon electron doping, the size of the hole pockets decreases and the size of the electron pockets increases as compared to the host compound. However, the observed changes in the size of the electron and hole pockets are not consistent with the rigid-band model. Moreover, the effective mass of the hole pockets is reduced near the zone center and of the electron pockets is increased near the zone corner in the doped Fe0.9Ni0.1Te0.5Se0.5 as compared to FeTe0.5Se0.5. We refer these observations to the changes of the spectral function due to the effect of the impurity potential of the dopants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We use polarization-dependent angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) to study the high-energy anomaly (HEA) in the dispersion of Nd(2-x)Ce(x)CuO₄, x=0.123. We find that at particular photon energies the anomalous, waterfall-like dispersion gives way to a broad, continuous band. This suggests that the HEA is a matrix element effect: it arises due to a suppression of the intensity of the broadened quasiparticle band in a narrow momentum range. We confirm this interpretation experimentally, by showing that the HEA appears when the matrix element is suppressed deliberately by changing the light polarization. Calculations of the matrix element using atomic wave functions and simulation of the ARPES intensity with one-step model calculations provide further evidence for this scenario. The possibility to detect the full quasiparticle dispersion further allows us to extract the high-energy self-energy function near the center and at the edge of the Brillouin zone.

We report a Rashba spin splitting of a two-dimensional electron gas in the topological insulator Bi(2)Se(3) from angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. We further demonstrate its electrostatic control, and show that spin splittings can be achieved which are at least an order-of-magnitude larger than in other semiconductors. Together these results show promise for the miniaturization of spintronic devices to the nanoscale and their operation at room temperature., (© 2011 American Physical Society)

An energy gap between the valence and the conduction band is the defining property of a semiconductor, and the gap size plays a crucial role in the design of semiconductor devices. We show that the presence of a two-dimensional electron gas near to the surface of a semiconductor can significantly alter the size of its band gap through many-body effects caused by its high electron density, resulting in a surface band gap that is much smaller than that in the bulk. Apart from reconciling a number of disparate previous experimental findings, the results suggest an entirely new route to spatially inhomogeneous band-gap engineering.

The (114) surface of the semimetal Bi is found to support a quasi-one-dimensional, metallic surface state. As required by symmetry, the state is degenerate along the Gamma-Y line of the surface Brillouin zone with a highest binding energy of approximately 150 meV. In the Gamma-X direction the degeneracy is lifted by the strong spin-orbit splitting in Bi, as directly shown by spin-resolved photoemission. This results in a Fermi contour consisting of two closely separated, parallel lines of opposite spin direction. It is argued that similar states on related insulators would give rise to a one-dimensional quantum spin Hall effect.