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The acoustic phonons in the organic-inorganic lead halide perovskites have been reported to have anomalously short lifetimes over a large part of the Brillouin zone. The resulting shortened mean free paths of the phonons have been implicated as the origin of the low thermal conductivity. We apply neutron spectroscopy to show that the same acoustic phonon energy linewidth broadening (corresponding to shortened lifetimes) occurs in the fully inorganic CsPbBr 3 by comparing the results on the organic-inorganic CH 3 NH 3 PbCl 3 . We investigate the critical dynamics near the three zone boundaries of the cubic P m 3 ¯ m Brillouin zone of CsPbBr 3 and find energy and momentum broadened dynamics at momentum points where the Cs-site ( A -site) motions contribute to the cross section. Neutron diffraction is used to confirm that both the Cs and Br sites have unusually large thermal displacements with an anisotropy that mirrors the low temperature structural distortions. The presence of an organic molecule is not necessary to disrupt the low-energy acoustic phonons at momentum transfers located away from the zone center in the lead halide perovskites and such damping may be driven by the large displacements or possibly disorder on the A site.

The organic-inorganic lead-halide perovskites are composed of organic molecules imbedded in an inorganic framework. The compounds with general formula CH 3 NH 3 Pb X 3 (MAPb X 3 ) display large photovoltaic efficiencies for halogens X = Cl, Br, and I in a wide variety of sample geometries and preparation methods. The organic cation and inorganic framework are bound by hydrogen bonds that tether the molecules to the halide anions, and this has been suggested to be important to the optoelectronic properties. We have studied the effects of this bonding using time-of-flight neutron spectroscopy to measure the molecular dynamics in CH 3 NH 3 PbCl 3 (MAPbCl 3 ). Low-energy / high-resolution neutron backscattering reveals thermally activated molecular dynamics with a characteristic temperature of ~95 K. At this same temperature, higher-energy neutron spectroscopy indicates the presence of an anomalous broadening in energy (reduced lifetime) associated with the molecular vibrations. By contrast, neutron powder diffraction shows that a spatially long-range structural phase transitions occurs at 178 K (cubic → tetragonal) and 173 K (tetragonal → orthorhombic). The large difference between these two temperature scales suggests that the molecular and inorganic lattice dynamics in MAPbCl 3 are actually decoupled. With the assumption that underlying physical mechanisms do not change with differing halogens in the organic-inorganic perovskites, we speculate that the energy scale most relevant to the photovoltaic properties of the lead-halogen perovskites is set by the lead-halide bond, not by the hydrogen bond.

Lead halide hybrid perovskites consist of an inorganic framework hosting a molecular cation located in the interstitial space. These compounds have been extensively studied as they have been identified as promising materials for photovoltaic applications with the interaction between the molecular cation and the inorganic framework implicated as influential for the electronic properties. CH 3 NH 3 PbCl 3 undergoes two structural transitions from a high temperature cubic unit cell to a tetragonal phase at 177 K and then a subsequent orthorhombic transition at 170 K. We have measured the low-frequency lattice dynamics using neutron spectroscopy and observe an energy broadening in the acoustic phonon linewidth towards the high-symmetry point Q X = ( 2 , 1 2 , 0 ) when approaching the transitions. Concomitant with these zone boundary anomalies is a hardening of the entire acoustic phonon branch measured in the q → 0 limit near the (2, 0, 0) Bragg position with decreasing temperature. Measurements of the elastic scattering at the Brillouin zone edges Q X = ( 2 , 1 2 , 0 ) , Q M = ( 3 2 , 1 2 , 0 ) , and Q R = ( 3 2 , 3 2 , 5 2 ) show Bragg peaks appearing below these structural transitions. Based on selection rules of neutron scattering, we suggest that the higher 177 K transition is displacive with a distortion of the local octahedral environment and the lower transition is a rigid tilt transition of the octahedra. We do not observe any critical broadening in energy or momentum, beyond resolution, of these peaks near the transitions. We compare these results to the critical properties reported near the structural transitions in other perovskites and particularly CsPbCl 3 [Y. Fujii, S. Hoshino, Y. Yamada, and G. Shirane, Phys. Rev. B 9 , 4549 (1974)]. We suggest that the simultaneous onset of static resolution-limited Bragg peaks at the zone boundaries and the changes in acoustic phonon energies near the zone center is evidence of a coupling between the inorganic framework and the molecular cation. The results also highlight the importance of displacive transitions in organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites.

Complementary diffuse and inelastic synchrotron x-ray scattering measurements of lead zirconate-titanate single crystals with composition near the morphotropic phase boundary (x=0.475) are reported. In the temperature range 293 K

Neutron diffraction data obtained on single crystals of PbZr(1-x)Ti(x)O3 with x=0.325 and x=0.460, which lie on the pseudorhombohedral side of the morphotropic phase boundary, suggest a coexistence of rhombohedral (R3m/R3c) and monoclinic (Cm) domains and that monoclinic order is enhanced by Ti substitution. A monoclinic phase with a doubled unit cell (Cc) is ruled out as the ground state.

We report neutron inelastic scattering measurements of the lowest-energy transverse optic (TO) phonon branch in the relaxor Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 from 400 to 1100 K. Far above the Burns temperature T(d) approximately 620 K we observe well-defined propagating TO modes at all wave vectors q, and a zone center TO mode that softens in a manner consistent with that of a ferroelectric soft mode. Below T(d) the zone center TO mode is overdamped. This damping extends up to, but not above, the waterfall wave vector q(wf), which is a measure of the average size of the polar nanoregions.