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5. Iterative Phase Optimization of Elementary Quantum Error Correcting Codes

Author

Müller, Markus, Rivas Vargas, Ángel, Martínez, E. A., Nigg, D., Schindler, P., Monz, T., Blatt, R., Martín Delgado, Miguel Ángel, Müller, Markus, Rivas Vargas, Ángel, Martínez, E. A., Nigg, D., Schindler, P., Monz, T., Blatt, R., and Martín Delgado, Miguel Ángel

Abstract

© Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. M. M. thanks M. Guta for valuable discussions. We gratefully acknowledge support by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) through the SFB FoQuS (FWF Project No. F4002-N16), as well as the Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation GmbH. E. A. M. is a recipient of a DOC grant from the Austrian Academy of Sciences. P. S. was supported by the Austrian Science Foundation (FWF) Erwin Schrödinger Stipendium 3600-N27. The research is based upon work supported by the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI), Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA), via the U.S. Army Research Office Grant No. W911NF-16-1-0070. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of the ODNI, IARPA, or the U.S. Government. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Governmental purposes notwithstanding any copyright annotation thereon. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Army Research Office. We also acknowledge support by U.S. A.R.O. through Grant No. W911NF-14-1-010, the Spanish MINECO Grant No. FIS2012-33152, and the CAM Research Consortium QUITEMAD+ S2013/ICE-2801., Performing experiments on small-scale quantum computers is certainly a challenging endeavor. Many parameters need to be optimized to achieve high-fidelity operations. This can be done efficiently for operations acting on single qubits, as errors can be fully characterized. For multiqubit operations, though, this is no longer the case, as in the most general case, analyzing the effect of the operation on the system requires a full state tomography for which resources scale exponentially with the system size. Furthermore, in recent experiments, additional electronic levels beyond the two-level system encoding the qubit have been used to enhance the capabilities of quantum-information processors, which additionally increases the number of parameters that need to be controlled. For the optimization of the experimental system for a given task (e.g., a quantum algorithm), one has to find a satisfactory error model and also efficient observables to estimate the parameters of the model. In this manuscript, we demonstrate a method to optimize the encoding procedure for a small quantum error correction code in the presence of unknown but constant phase shifts. The method, which we implement here on a small-scale linear ion-trap quantum computer, is readily applicable to other AMO platforms for quantum-information processing., Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO), Comunidad de Madrid, FWF Der Wissenschaftsfonds (Austria), SFB FoQus - Grundlagen und Anwendungen der Quantenphysik, Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation GmbH, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften (ÖAW), Austria, Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI), EE.UU., Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA), EE.UU., U.S. Army Research Office, Depto. de Física Teórica, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, TRUE, pub

Published
2023

10. Experimental Single-Setting Quantum State Tomography

Author

Stricker, Roman, primary, Meth, Michael, additional, Postler, Lukas, additional, Edmunds, Claire, additional, Ferrie, Chris, additional, Blatt, Rainer, additional, Schindler, Philipp, additional, Monz, Thomas, additional, Kueng, Richard, additional, and Ringbauer, Martin, additional

Published
2022
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13. Characterization of dot-specific and tunable effective g factors in a GaAs/AlGaAs double quantum dot single-hole device

Author

Padawer-Blatt, A., Ducatel, J., Korkusinski, M., Bogan, A., Gaudreau, L., Zawadzki, P., Austing, D. G., Sachrajda, A. S., Studenikin, S., Tracy, L., Reno, J., and Hargett, T.

Subjects
Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect
Abstract

Difference in g factors in multidot structures can form the basis of dot-selective spin manipulation under global microwave irradiation. Employing electric dipole spin resonance facilitated by strong spin-orbit interaction (SOI), we observe differences in the extracted values of the single-hole effective g factors of the constituent quantum dots of a GaAs/AlGaAs double quantum dot device at the level of ∼ 5 % – 10 % . We examine the continuous change in the hole g factor with electrical detuning over a wide range of interdot tunnel couplings and for different out-of-plane magnetic fields. The observed tendency of the quantum dot effective g factors to steadily increase on decreasing the interdot coupling or on increasing the magnetic field is attributed to the impact on the SOI of changing the dot confinement potential and heavy-hole light-hole mixing.

Published
2022
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14. Experimental Single-Setting Quantum State Tomography

Author

Stricker, R, Meth, M, Postler, L, Edmunds, C, Ferrie, C, Blatt, R, Schindler, P, Monz, T, Kueng, R, Ringbauer, M, Stricker, R, Meth, M, Postler, L, Edmunds, C, Ferrie, C, Blatt, R, Schindler, P, Monz, T, Kueng, R, and Ringbauer, M

Abstract

Quantum computers solve ever more complex tasks using steadily growing system sizes. Characterizing these quantum systems is vital, yet becoming increasingly challenging. The gold-standard method for this task is quantum state tomography (QST), capable of fully reconstructing a quantum state without prior knowledge. The measurement and classical computing costs, however, increase exponentially with the number of constituents (e.g., qubits) - a daunting bottleneck given the scale of existing and near-term quantum devices. Here, we demonstrate a scalable and practical QST approach that only uses a single measurement setting, namely symmetric informationally complete (SIC) positive operator-valued measures (POVMs). We implement these nonorthogonal measurements on an ion trap quantum processor by utilizing additional energy levels within each ion - without requiring ancillary ions to assist in measurements. More precisely, we locally map the SIC POVM to orthogonal states embedded in a higher-dimensional system, which we read out using repeated in-sequence detections, thereby providing full tomographic information in every shot. Combining this SIC tomography with the recently developed randomized measurement toolbox ("classical shadows") proves to be a powerful combination. SIC tomography alleviates the need for choosing measurement settings at random ("derandomization"), while classical shadows enable the estimation of arbitrary polynomial functions of the density matrix orders of magnitudes faster than standard methods. The latter enables in-depth entanglement characterization, which we experimentally showcase on a five-qubit absolutely maximally entangled state. Moreover, the fact that the full tomography information is available in every shot enables online QST in real time (i.e., while the experiment is running). We demonstrate this on an eight-qubit entangled state (which has 28⋅28-1=65535 degrees of freedom), as well as for fast state identification. All in all, t

Published
2022

18. Electric-field noise in a high-temperature superconducting surface ion trap

Author

Rainer Blatt, Y. Colombe, Philipp Schindler, Philip C. Holz, D. Rathje, and Kirill Lakhmanskiy

Subjects
Physics, Superconductivity, Quantum Physics, Condensed matter physics, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con), Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, Electric field, Phase (matter), 0103 physical sciences, Sensitivity (control systems), Ion trap, Connection (algebraic framework), Quantum Physics (quant-ph), 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Scaling, Noise (radio)
Abstract

Scaling up trapped-ion quantum computers requires new trap materials to be explored. Here, we present experiments with a surface ion trap made from the high-temperature superconductor YBCO, a promising material for future trap designs. We show that voltage noise from superconducting electrode leads is negligible within the sensitivity $S_V=9\times 10^{-20}\,\mathrm{V}^2\mathrm{Hz}^{-1}$ of our setup, and for lead dimensions typical for advanced trap designs. Furthermore, we investigate the frequency and temperature dependence of electric field noise above a YBCO surface. We find a $1/f$ spectral dependence of the noise and a non-trivial temperature dependence, with a plateau in the noise stretching over roughly $60\,\mathrm{K}$. The onset of the plateau coincides with the superconducting transition, indicating a connection between the dominant noise and the YBCO trap material. We exclude the YBCO bulk as origin of the noise and suggest further experiments to decide between the two remaining options explaining the observed temperature dependence: noise screening within the superconducting phase, or surface noise activated by the YBCO bulk through some unknown mechanism., Comment: 15 pages, 12 figures

Published
2021
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20. Cross-Verification of Independent Quantum Devices

Author

Greganti, C., primary, Demarie, T. F., additional, Ringbauer, M., additional, Jones, J. A., additional, Saggio, V., additional, Calafell, I. Alonso, additional, Rozema, L. A., additional, Erhard, A., additional, Meth, M., additional, Postler, L., additional, Stricker, R., additional, Schindler, P., additional, Blatt, R., additional, Monz, T., additional, Walther, P., additional, and Fitzsimons, J. F., additional

Published
2021
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24. Coherent rotations of qubits within a surface ion-trap quantum computer

Author

Thomas Monz, Philipp Schindler, Rainer Blatt, Lukas Gerster, Martin W. van Mourik, Esteban Martínez, and Pavel Hrmo

Subjects
Physics, ComputerSystemsOrganization_MISCELLANEOUS, Qubit, Quantum mechanics, 0103 physical sciences, TheoryofComputation_GENERAL, Ion trap, 010306 general physics, 01 natural sciences, Quantum logic, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Quantum computer, Ion
Abstract

An important building block for large-scale quantum computation with trapped ions is experimentally realized. The investigation is crucial for transport-based quantum logic.

Published
2020
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25. State-Dependent Optical Lattices for the Strontium Optical Qubit

Author

André Heinz, Jan Trautmann, Annie Jihyun Park, Marianna Safronova, S. G. Porsev, Immanuel Bloch, Sebastian Blatt, and Neven Šantić

Subjects
Physics, Optical lattice, Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph), Computation, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Quantum simulator, 01 natural sciences, quantum simulation, ultracold atoms, optical lattices, Physics - Atomic Physics, Wavelength, Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas), Lattice (order), Qubit, Excited state, 0103 physical sciences, Atomic physics, Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases, 010306 general physics, Ground state
Abstract

We demonstrate state-dependent optical lattices for the Sr optical qubit at the tune-out wavelength for its ground state. We tightly trap excited state atoms while suppressing the effect of the lattice on ground state atoms by more than four orders of magnitude. This highly independent control over the qubit states removes inelastic excited state collisions as the main obstacle for quantum simulation and computation schemes based on the Sr optical qubit. Our results also reveal large discrepancies in the atomic data used to calibrate the largest systematic effect of Sr optical lattice clocks., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures + 6 pages supplemental material

Published
2020
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26. Compact Ion-Trap Quantum Computing Demonstrator

Author

Pogorelov, I., primary, Feldker, T., additional, Marciniak, Ch. D., additional, Postler, L., additional, Jacob, G., additional, Krieglsteiner, O., additional, Podlesnic, V., additional, Meth, M., additional, Negnevitsky, V., additional, Stadler, M., additional, Höfer, B., additional, Wächter, C., additional, Lakhmanskiy, K., additional, Blatt, R., additional, Schindler, P., additional, and Monz, T., additional

Published
2021
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27. Heating of a Trapped Ion Induced by Dielectric Materials

Author

Teller, Markus, primary, Fioretto, Dario A., additional, Holz, Philip C., additional, Schindler, Philipp, additional, Messerer, Viktor, additional, Schüppert, Klemens, additional, Zou, Yueyang, additional, Blatt, Rainer, additional, Chiaverini, John, additional, Sage, Jeremy, additional, and Northup, Tracy E., additional

Published
2021
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33. Cluster State Generation with Spin-Orbit Coupled Fermionic Atoms in Optical Lattices

Author

Jun Ye, Mikhail Mamaev, Rainer Blatt, and Ana Maria Rey

Subjects
Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Physics, Quantum Physics, Optical lattice, Mott insulator, Cluster state, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, 01 natural sciences, 3. Good health, symbols.namesake, Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas), Qubit, Quantum mechanics, 0103 physical sciences, symbols, Ising model, Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), 010306 general physics, Hamiltonian (quantum mechanics), Coherence (physics), Quantum computer
Abstract

Measurement-based quantum computation, an alternative paradigm for quantum information processing, uses simple measurements on qubits prepared in cluster states, a class of multiparty entangled states with useful properties. Here we propose and analyze a scheme that takes advantage of the interplay between spin-orbit coupling and superexchange interactions, in the presence of a coherent drive, to deterministically generate macroscopic arrays of cluster states in fermionic alkaline earth atoms trapped in three dimensional (3D) optical lattices. The scheme dynamically generates cluster states without the need of engineered transport, and is robust in the presence of holes, a typical imperfection in cold atom Mott insulators. The protocol is of particular relevance for the new generation of 3D optical lattice clocks with coherence times $>10$ s, two orders of magnitude larger than the cluster state generation time. We propose the use of collective measurements and time-reversal of the Hamiltonian to benchmark the underlying Ising model dynamics and the generated many-body correlations., 6+5 pages, 4+2 figures

Published
2019
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34. Ion-Based Quantum Sensor for Optical Cavity Photon Numbers

Author

David Plankensteiner, Helmut Ritsch, Klemens Schüppert, Dario A. Fioretto, Valentin Torggler, Moonjoo Lee, Florian R. Ong, Rainer Blatt, Tracy E. Northup, and Konstantin Friebe

Subjects
Physics, Photon, Quantum sensor, Physics::Optics, General Physics and Astronomy, Interaction strength, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Ion, symbols.namesake, Stark effect, law, Optical cavity, 0103 physical sciences, symbols, Coherent states, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, Spectroscopy
Abstract

We dispersively couple a single trapped ion to an optical cavity to extract information about the cavity photon-number distribution in a nondestructive way. The photon-number-dependent ac Stark shift experienced by the ion is measured via Ramsey spectroscopy. We use these measurements first to obtain the ion-cavity interaction strength. Next, we reconstruct the cavity photon-number distribution for coherent states and for a state with mixed thermal-coherent statistics, finding overlaps above 99% with the calibrated states.

Published
2019
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35. Cross-Platform Verification of Intermediate Scale Quantum Devices

Author

Elben, Andreas, primary, Vermersch, Benoît, additional, van Bijnen, Rick, additional, Kokail, Christian, additional, Brydges, Tiff, additional, Maier, Christine, additional, Joshi, Manoj K., additional, Blatt, Rainer, additional, Roos, Christian F., additional, and Zoller, Peter, additional

Published
2020
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36. Quantum Chemistry Calculations on a Trapped-Ion Quantum Simulator

Author

Jonathan Romero, Peter J. Love, Alán Aspuru-Guzik, Jarrod R. McClean, Heng Shen, Thomas Monz, Christian F. Roos, B. P. Lanyon, Cornelius Hempel, Christine Maier, Petar Jurcevic, Rainer Blatt, and Ryan Babbush

Subjects
Physics, Quantum Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, TheoryofComputation_GENERAL, General Physics and Astronomy, Quantum simulator, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Quantum chemistry, Ion, ComputerSystemsOrganization_MISCELLANEOUS, Quantum mechanics, 0103 physical sciences, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Quantum computer
Abstract

Quantum-classical hybrid algorithms are emerging as promising candidates for near-term practical applications of quantum information processors in a wide variety of fields ranging from chemistry to physics and materials science. We report on the experimental implementation of such an algorithm to solve a quantum chemistry problem, using a digital quantum simulator based on trapped ions. Specifically, we implement the variational quantum eigensolver algorithm to calculate the molecular ground state energies of two simple molecules and experimentally demonstrate and compare different encoding methods using up to four qubits. Furthermore, we discuss the impact of measurement noise as well as mitigation strategies and indicate the potential for adaptive implementations focused on reaching chemical accuracy, which may serve as a cross-platform benchmark for multi-qubit quantum simulators., 22 pages, 14 figures, close to published version (freely available at PRX)

Published
2018
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40. Ion-Based Quantum Sensor for Optical Cavity Photon Numbers

Author

Lee, Moonjoo, primary, Friebe, Konstantin, additional, Fioretto, Dario A., additional, Schüppert, Klemens, additional, Ong, Florian R., additional, Plankensteiner, David, additional, Torggler, Valentin, additional, Ritsch, Helmut, additional, Blatt, Rainer, additional, and Northup, Tracy E., additional

Published
2019
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43. Quantum Chemistry Calculations on a Trapped-Ion Quantum Simulator

Author

Hempel, Cornelius, primary, Maier, Christine, additional, Romero, Jonathan, additional, McClean, Jarrod, additional, Monz, Thomas, additional, Shen, Heng, additional, Jurcevic, Petar, additional, Lanyon, Ben P., additional, Love, Peter, additional, Babbush, Ryan, additional, Aspuru-Guzik, Alán, additional, Blatt, Rainer, additional, and Roos, Christian F., additional

Published
2018
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45. Observation of Entangled States of a Fully Controlled 20-Qubit System

Author

Friis, Nicolai, primary, Marty, Oliver, additional, Maier, Christine, additional, Hempel, Cornelius, additional, Holzäpfel, Milan, additional, Jurcevic, Petar, additional, Plenio, Martin B., additional, Huber, Marcus, additional, Roos, Christian, additional, Blatt, Rainer, additional, and Lanyon, Ben, additional

Published
2018
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46. Stationary light pulses and narrowband light storage in a laser-cooled ensemble loaded into a hollow-core fiber

Author

Lachezar S. Simeonov, Thorsten Peters, Frank Blatt, and Thomas Halfmann

Subjects
Photon, Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, Physics::Optics, 01 natural sciences, Physics - Atomic Physics, law.invention, 010309 optics, Narrowband, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Atomic Physics, Fiber, 010306 general physics, Physics, Quantum Physics, business.industry, Laser, Core (optical fiber), Optoelectronics, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), business, Beam (structure), Excitation, Photonic-crystal fiber
Abstract

We report on the first observation of stationary light pulses and narrowband light storage inside a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber. Laser-cooled atoms were first loaded into the fiber core providing strong light-matter coupling. Light pulses were then stored in a collective atomic excitation using a single control laser beam. By applying a second counterpropagating control beam, a light pulse could be brought to a standstill. Our work paves the way towards the creation of strongly-correlated many-body systems with photons and applications in the field of quantum information processing.

Published
2016
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47. Electromagnetically-induced-transparency ground-state cooling of long ion strings

Author

Thomas Monz, Christine Maier, Michael Brownnutt, Petar Jurcevic, B. P. Lanyon, Rainer Blatt, Christian F. Roos, Cornelius Hempel, and Regina Lechner

Subjects
Physics, Resolved sideband cooling, Sideband, Phonon, Electromagnetically induced transparency, Quantum simulator, 01 natural sciences, Ion, 010309 optics, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Atomic Physics, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, Adiabatic process, Ground state
Abstract

Electromagnetically-induced-transparency (EIT) cooling is a ground-state cooling technique for trapped particles. EIT offers a broader cooling range in frequency space compared to more established methods. In this work, we experimentally investigate EIT cooling in strings of trapped atomic ions. In strings of up to 18 ions, we demonstrate simultaneous ground-state cooling of all radial modes in under 1 ms. This is a particularly important capability in view of emerging quantum simulation experiments with large numbers of trapped ions. Our analysis of the EIT cooling dynamics is based on a technique enabling single-shot measurements of phonon numbers, by rapid adiabatic passage on a vibrational sideband of a narrow transition.

Published
2016
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48. Assessing the Progress of Trapped-Ion Processors Towards Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computation

Author

Bermudez, A., primary, Xu, X., additional, Nigmatullin, R., additional, O’Gorman, J., additional, Negnevitsky, V., additional, Schindler, P., additional, Monz, T., additional, Poschinger, U. G., additional, Hempel, C., additional, Home, J., additional, Schmidt-Kaler, F., additional, Biercuk, M., additional, Blatt, R., additional, Benjamin, S., additional, and Müller, M., additional

Published
2017
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50. Low-noise optical lattices for ultracoldLi6

Author

Markus Greiner, Sebastian Blatt, C. S. Chiu, Maxwell Parsons, Florian Huber, and Anton Mazurenko

Subjects
Physics, Quantum Physics, Optical lattice, Microscope, Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph), Plane (geometry), FOS: Physical sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Physics - Atomic Physics, law.invention, Low noise, Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas), law, Atom, Atomic physics, Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), Adiabatic process
Abstract

We demonstrate stable, long-term trapping of fermionic $^6$Li atoms in an optical lattice with MHz trap frequencies for use in a quantum gas microscope. Adiabatic release from the optical lattice in the object plane of a high-numerical-aperture imaging system allows a measurement of the population distribution among the lowest three bands in both radial directions with atom numbers as low as $7\times 10^2$. We measure exponential ground band heating rates as low as 0.014(1) s$^{-1}$ corresponding to a radial ground state $1/e$ lifetime of 71(5) s, fundamentally limited by scattering of lattice photons. For all lattice depths above 2 recoil, we find radial ground state lifetimes $\ge 1.6 \times 10^6$ recoil times., Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, 3 pages supplemental material

Published
2015
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