1. Influence of Propiconazole and Metconazole Formulations on Bacillus subtilis Vegetative Cell Growth and Disease Control of Fruit Crops.
- Author
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Wesche, Johanna and Schnabel, Guido
- Subjects
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PROPICONAZOLE , *BACILLUS subtilis , *PREVENTIVE medicine , *CELL growth , *BIOLOGICAL pest control agents - Abstract
Biological control agent Bacillus subtilis formulated as Theia is registered for control of fungal and bacterial diseases of fruit crops. Combinations of Theia and strategic concentrations of two demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides were investigated to explore potential synergisms. Bacteria were cultured in nutrient broth and combined with technical grades and two formulations of propiconazole (emulsifiable concentrate [EC] and wettable powder) and metconazole (EC and water-dispersible granule) at 0, IO, 50, 100, and 150 ug/ml of active ingredient. After cocultivation, the optical density (OD«x)) and colony forming units (CFU/ml) were evaluated. In contrast to EC formulations, the wettable powder or water-dispersible granule formulations at 10 or 50 pg/ml of both DMIs did not affect vegetative cell growth. The mixture of Theia and each formulated DMI at 50 ug/ml of active ingredient resulted in a significant reduction of Moniliniafructicola lesion development on apple, Colletotrichum siamense lesion development on cherry, and Botrytis cinerea lesion development on cherry. The combination of Theia with EC formulations showed weaker disease reduction due to antagonism. Only Theia plus non-EC formulated propiconazole and metconazole significantly reduced brown rot disease incidence of apple compared with the respective solo treatments and anthracnose disease incidence of cherry compared with the untreated control. Our results indicated that at least some DMI fungicides possess bactericidal effects depending on the formulation and concentration. The combination of Theia with a lower-than-label-rateconcentration (50 ug/ml) of the DMI fungicides propiconazole and metconazole showed potential for synergistic effects, especially when non-EC formulations were used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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