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Objective: This study followed remitted patients from a randomized controlled trial of adults with major depressive disorder (MDD). The aims were to describe rates of recurrence and to evaluate 3 clinical predictor domains. Method: Ninety-four treatment-naive patients (50% female; Mage, = 38.1 years; 48.9% White; 30.9% Hispanic) with MDD who had remitted to 12-week monotherapy (escitalopram, duloxetine, or cognitive behavior therapy [CBT]) participated in a 21-month maintenance phase (i.e., continued medication or 3 possible CBT booster sessions per year). Recurrence was assessed quarterly, and the clinical predictors were the following: 2 measures of residual depressive symptoms, 1 measure of lifetime depressive episodes, and 2 measures of baseline anxiety. Survival analysis models evaluated recurrence rates, and regression models evaluated the predictors. Results: Among all patients, 15.5% experienced a recurrence, and the survival distributions did not statistically differ among treatments. Residual depressive symptoms on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale at the end of monotherapy were associated with increased risk for recurrence (hazard ratio = 1.31, 95% confidence interval [Cl: 1.02, 1.67], Wald X2 = 4.41, p = .036), and not having a comorbid anxiety disorder diagnosis at study baseline reduced the risk of recurrence (hazard ratio = .31, 95% Cl [.10, .94], Wald X2 = 4.28, p = .039). Conclusions: The study supported the benefits of maintenance treatment for treatment-naive patients who remitted to initial monotherapy; nevertheless, remitted patients with a comorbid anxiety disorder diagnosis at the beginning of treatment or residual depressive symptoms after initial treatment were at risk for poorer long-term outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Clin Psychol Sci Prac 17: 169-186, 2010] Children of bipolar parents (CBP) are at increased risk to develop psychopathology, especially a mood disorder. Several factors may contribute to the increased risk for psychopathology in CBP, including family environmental variables (e.g., high levels of family conflict and dysfunctional parenting) and socioemotional cue processing deficits (e.g., inaccurate detection of facial social cues). A proposed model posits that family risk factors and socioemotional cue processing deficits may interact in conferring risk for psychopathology for CBP via their effects on the development of emotion regulation and the neural circuitry that governs this development. A developmental, transactional perspective on the impact of these risk factors provides a framework within which to examine their dynamic interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A number of investigations have utilized factor analysis or similar data analytic methods to examine the empirical validity of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders classification system of Axis II personality pathology. This article reviews analyses of the Axis II cluster structure and the latent structure of individual personality disorder criteria. Overall, these studies do not provide sound empirical support for the current personality disorder organization described in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. They highlight the need for identifying the latent dimensions of personality pathology in order to create a different representation that would more accurately correspond to both a theoretical and functional model of personality disorder. Preliminary research identifying consensus across datasets is summarized. Clinical implications of these findings and future directions for research on personality pathology are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the past 60 years clinical psychology training programs have made remarkable changes as psychologists’ professional roles and scientific contributions have emerged. Yet, there are a number of issues that have implications regarding the quality of research training in PhD programs. Current PhD programs are encouraged to offer a joint PsyD/PhD training program when their goal is to train researchers and clinicians who would be eligible for licensure. It is recommended that the PhD serve only as a research degree. A joint PsyD/PhD addresses many of the identified problems and issues. It conserves resources for research training and explicitly identifies, recognizes, and rewards the training that is required. It may best serve to advance the knowledge base of clinical psychology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses issues and future directions for clinical psychology in academic departments of psychology. Psychology continues to be the most popular undergraduate major and departments must better prepare them for graduate study. Budget constraints continue to impact departments, resulting in challenges such as decreasing numbers of faculty, increasing dependence on external grant funds, and accompanying distortion of the reward system for faculty contributions. Increasing specialization in clinical psychology will require difficult choices. Increasing emphasis on multidisciplinary study presents both opportunities and challenges for traditional departments of psychology. The emergence of neuroscience is having a great impact and the integration of psychology and neuroscience will be a significant issue facing clinical programs. Despite challenges, academic clinical psychology can be expected to remain resilient in the face of change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines the recurrence of major depressive disorder of young adults. Use of survival analysis for identification of recurrence predictors of risk intervention; Components of the potential predictors of comorbid psychopathology, depression-specific clinical features, and self-reported cognitive and interpersonal constructs; Identification of personality pathology predicting the hazard of recurrence.

Multivariate and univariate regression models were used to examine the relationship between Axis II personality pathology and dysfunctional cognitions in a follow-up study of 40 formerly depressed inpatients. A dimensionalized measure of overall Axis II pathology was significantly and positively related to dysfunctional attitudes (Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale [DAS]) and maladaptive negative event attributions (Attributional Style Questionnaire-Negative Composite [ASQ-N]); the Axis II measure accounted for approximately 29% of the variance in DAS and 14% of the variance in ASQ-N, after controlling statistically for subsyndromal depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory [BDI]). Axis II pathology was not significantly associated with positive event attributions, and no significant Axis II x BDI interaction effects were observed. A secondary canonical analysis of Axis II clusters was largely consistent with a hypothesized general personality pathology factor associated with dysfunctional cognitions, though a more specific association between Axis II Cluster C pathology and dysfunctional attitudes was also observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on depression relapse. Research of affective disorders; What the hypothesized cognitive vulnerability applies to; Information on the reformulated learned helplessness model hypothesis; Details and methods of the study.

Reports on the factor analyses of a large group of children and adolescents who completed the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) in elementary, middle, and junior high schools. Existence of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD); Methods used in the study; Results and discussion.

An obituary for social and behavioral sciences teacher Leonard Paul Ullman is presented.