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Continuing to eat even when full leads to excessive calorie consumption and obesity. Thus, understanding brain responses to food cues when satiated has important implications for weight control interventions. We used the late positive potential (LPP, a component of the event-related potentials (ERP) indexing motivational relevance) to determine the extent to which satiety affects brain responses to images of highly palatable foods (high-fat, high-sugar), high and low motivationally relevant (pleasant, unpleasant) and neutral stimuli in a sample of obese (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 30 kg/m2) and lean (BMI < 25 kg/m2) individuals. Satiated individuals (N = 55, 21 with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) were fed a nutritional drink prior to the experimental session and were individually matched with 55 unsatiated individuals who saw the same images during a passive viewing task. Satiety did not affect LPP response to food-related or motivationally relevant cues in either BMI < 25 kg/m2 or BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 individuals (p = .6). Irrespective of satiety, all participants showed larger LPPs as a function of the images' motivational relevance. There were no differences in LPP amplitude between BMI < 25 kg/m2 and BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 individuals for any picture category, including food. However, within-group comparisons showed that BMI < 25 kg/m2 individuals had larger LPPs to low motivationally relevant pleasant images than to food-related cues (p < .001); this difference was not significant for BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 individuals. Although satiety does not affect LPP responses to food-related cues, these results highlight the importance of evaluating reactivity to food-related cues in relation to other motivationally relevant stimuli. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Background Momentary affect and stress in mothers and their children may be an important predictor of food intake in the natural environment. This study hypothesized that there would be parallel actor and partner effects such that mothers' and children's negative affect (NA), positive affect (PA), and ability to cope with stress would be associated with their own and the other dyad member's unhealthy and healthy food intake in a similar pattern. Method Participants included 202 mother-child dyads (child age range = 8-12 years) who responded to randomly prompted ecological momentary assessment surveys via smartphone up to 7 times per day over 8 days, excluding time at school. At each prompt, mothers and children reported on their current NA, PA, and ability to cope with stress and foods consumed in the past 2 hr. Results Mothers' momentary ability to cope with stress predicted their own and their child's pastries/sweets intake and their own fries/chips intake, and children's momentary ability to cope with stress predicted their own pastries/sweets intake. Mothers and children who reported higher NA on average consumed more pastries/sweets, and children with higher NA on average consumed more fast food. Finally, mothers' momentary PA predicted their own fruit/vegetable consumption. Conclusions Findings provided evidence that the affect and ability to cope with stress of children and mothers predicted subsequent food intake. Given both actor and partner effects, the results show that targeting momentary mothers' and children's ability to cope with stress may have the greatest effect on reducing unhealthy food intake. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).