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Fe3O4 materials have many crystal forms, and the morphology of their nanomaterials is more diverse. Under the influence of nano-effects, they exhibit unique physical and chemical properties. The synthesized Fe3O4 materials with different morphologies have different properties. They are widely used in related fields such as electromagnetics, chemical engineering, catalysis, sensors, acoustics, medicine, environmental protection and so on. Choosing the appropriate contrast agent to display the anatomical characteristics of diseased and normal tissue is an important thing before using MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) technology. At present, Gd-DTPA is a commonly used magnetic contrast agent in clinical practice, but Gd-DTPA has obvious shortcomings, such as short circulation time, non-specific distribution, and high price. In comparison, the superparamagnetic iron oxide nanocrystals have a high specific distribution in living tissues, mainly concentrated in reticular endothelial cells-rich tissues and organs, such as liver, spleen, lymph nodes and bone marrow. This study analyzed the imaging characteristics of 21 patients with unilateral benign sphenoid sinus disease who were confirmed by nasal endoscopic surgery and postoperative pathology. Among the 21 patients with unilateral benign sphenoid sinus lesions, 7 cases of them had cysts. Those with altered sphenoid sinus cavity expansion may be accompanied by thinning of bone resorption. MRI manifested as long T1 and long T2 irregular spherical signal shadows. 8 cases of them are fungal lesions. MRI showed mixed signals are in the sphenoid sinus, the flaky exudation showed a high signal, and the fungal nodule showed a low T2WI signal. In the 3 cases of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea, MRI showed a line between the high-signal shadow of the cerebrospinal fluid and the high-signal liquid shadow in the sinuses. High signal and shadow are connected, and other tissues (brain tissue, nasal mucosa) show low signal. Fe3O4-based MRI technology can improve imaging quality and diagnostic efficiency.