Search

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) SAT2 sequences were acquired from Cape buffalo in Kenya in 2016, from either primary passage ( n = 38) or plaque purification of dually SAT1/SAT2-infected samples ( n = 61). All samples were derived from asymptomatic animals. These sequences contribute to our understanding of FMDV diversity in reservoirs and during subclinical FMDV infections.

Nearly complete genomes of 49 novel foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) SAT1 strains acquired from oropharyngeal fluid samples from asymptomatic African Cape buffalo in Kenya in 2016 were determined. Sequences were from primary passage or plaque-purified dually SAT1/SAT2-infected samples. These sequences are important for elucidation of the molecular epidemiology of persistent and subclinical FMDV infections.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) continues to mutate, causing disruptive PRRS outbreaks in farms that lead to reproductive failure and respiratory disease-associated mortality. We present four new PRRSV type 2 variants in the United States belonging to four distinct orf5 sublineages within lineage 1.

We report the genome sequence of a foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype A topotype Africa isolate collected from bovine vesicular epithelium from Kenya in 2016. This novel sequence updates the knowledge of FMDV diversity in eastern Africa and has important implications for FMDV epidemiology and molecular analyses.

Here, we report the near-complete genomes of three Southern African Territories 1 (SAT1) serotype strains and one SAT2 serotype strain of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) recently isolated from Kenya. Viral isolates were obtained from bovine epithelial tissues collected in 2014 and 2016 following outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). These near-complete genome sequences provide a critical update of Kenyan FMDV molecular epidemiology.

This is the first report of two near-complete genome sequences of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype O from Kenya. The viruses were isolated from bovine epithelium collected in 2014 and 2016 from local FMD outbreaks. These full-genome sequences are critical for improving the understanding of regional FMDV molecular epidemiology.

There is growing evidence that anthropogenic sources of antibiotics and antimicrobial-resistant bacteria can spill over into natural ecosystems, raising questions about the role wild animals play in the emergence, maintenance, and dispersal of antibiotic resistance genes. In particular, we lack an understanding of how resistance genes circulate within wild animal populations, including whether specific host characteristics, such as social associations, promote interhost transmission of these genes. In this study, we used social network analysis to explore the forces shaping population-level patterns of resistant Escherichia coli in wild giraffe ( Giraffa camelopardalis ) and assess the relative importance of social contact for the dissemination of resistant E. coli between giraffe. Of 195 giraffe sampled, only 5.1% harbored E. coli isolates resistant to one or more tested antibiotics. Whole-genome sequencing on a subset of resistant isolates revealed a number of acquired resistance genes with linkages to mobile genetic elements. However, we found no evidence that the spread of resistance genes among giraffe was facilitated by interhost associations. Giraffe with lower social degree were more likely to harbor resistant E. coli , but this relationship was likely driven by a correlation between an individual's social connectedness and age. Indeed, resistant E. coli was most frequently detected in socially isolated neonates, indicating that resistant E. coli may have a selective advantage in the gastrointestinal tracts of neonates compared to other age classes. Taken together, these results suggest that the maintenance of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in wild populations may, in part, be determined by host traits and microbial competition dynamics within the host. IMPORTANCE Antimicrobial resistance represents a significant threat to human health, food security, and the global economy. To fully understand the evolution and dissemination of resistance genes, a complete picture of antimicrobial resistance in all biological compartments, including natural ecosystems, is required. The environment and wild animals may act as reservoirs for anthropogenically derived resistance genes that could be transferrable to clinically relevant bacteria of humans and domestic animals. Our study investigated the possible transmission mechanisms for antimicrobial-resistant bacteria within a wild animal population and, more broadly, contributes to our understanding of how resistance genes are spread and maintained in natural ecosystems., (Copyright © 2018 American Society for Microbiology.)

Several foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) carrier cattle were identified in Vietnam by the recovery of infectious virus from oropharyngeal fluid. This report contains the first near-complete genome sequences of seven viruses from sequential samples from one carrier animal collected over the course of 1 year. The characterization of within-host viral evolution has implications for FMDV control strategies.