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The objectives were to evaluate the effects of standardized ileal digestible (SID) His:Lys ratio above the current NRC requirement on growth performance, intestinal health, and mobilization of His-containing proteins, including hemoglobin, carnosine, and trypsinogen, in nursery pigs from 7 to 11 kg body weight (BW). Forty pigs (26 d of age; initial BW of 7.1 ± 0.5 kg) were allotted to 5 dietary treatments based on a randomized complete block design with sex and initial BW as blocks. Dietary treatments were supplemented with varying SID His to Lys ratios of 26%, 32%, 38%, 43%, and 49% and fed to pigs for 14 d (SID Lys = 1.22%). Feed intake and BW were recorded at d 0, 7, and 14 to measure growth performance. Blood samples were collected on d 12. Pigs were euthanized on d 14 to collect pancreas, longissimus dorsi muscles, mid-jejunum, and jejunal mucosa. Data were analyzed using the Proc Mixed of SAS. Growth performance was not affected, whereas varying SID His to Lys ratio affected hemoglobin (P < 0.05, max: 12 g/dL at 36%), immunoglobulin A (IgA, P < 0.05, min: 1.25 μg/mg at 35%) in jejunal mucosa, villus height (P = 0.065, max: 536 μm at 40%) in jejunum, trypsinogen (P = 0.083, max: 242 pg/mg at 41%) in pancreas, and carnosine (P = 0.051, max: 4.7 ng/mg at 38%) in muscles. Varying SID His to Lys ratios linearly increased (P < 0.05, from 1.95 to 2.80 nmol/mg) protein carbonyl in muscles and decreased (P < 0.05, from 29.1% to 26.9%) enterocyte proliferation. In conclusion, SID His to Lys ratio between 35% and 41% in diets fed to nursery pigs at 7 to 11 kg enhanced intestinal health and maximized concentrations of His-containing proteins, indicating that His-containing proteins are effective response criteria when determining His requirement., (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society of Animal Science. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

The objective was to determine the nutritional and functional values of lysed Corynebacterium glutamicum cell mass (CGCM) as a protein supplement and a source of cell wall fragments supporting the growth and intestinal health of nursery pigs. Thirty-two pigs (21 d of age) were allotted to four treatments (n = 8) based on the randomized block design with sex and initial body weight (BW) as blocks. The main effect was the dietary supplementation of lysed CGCM (0, 0.7, 1.4, and 2.1%) replacing blood plasma and fed in two phases (10 and 11 d, respectively). Feed intake and BW were measured at the end of each phase. Pigs were euthanized on day 21 to collect jejunal tissue and mucosa to evaluate intestinal health. Ileal digesta were collected to measure the apparent ileal digestibility of nutrients in diets. Data were analyzed using Proc Mixed and Reg of SAS. Increasing daily intake of CGCM increased (linear; P < 0.05) ADG of pigs. Increasing CGCM supplementation affected (quadratic; P < 0.05) the relative abundance of Lactobacillaceae (minimum: 26.4% at 1.2% CGCM), Helicobacteraceae (maximum: 29.3% at 1.2% CGCM), and Campylobacteraceae (maximum: 9.0% at 1.0% CGCM). Increasing CGCM supplementation affected (quadratic; P < 0.05) the concentrations of immunoglobulin G (maximum: 4.94 µg/mg of protein at 1.0% CGCM) and protein carbonyl (PC; maximum: 6.12 nmol/mg of protein at 1.1% CGCM), whereas linearly decreased (P < 0.05) malondialdehyde (MDA) in the proximal jejunal mucosa. Increasing CGCM supplemention affected (quadratic; P < 0.05) intestinal enterocyte proliferation rate (maximum: 13.3% at 1.0% CGCM), whereas it did not affect intestinal morphology and the nutrient digestibility. In conclusion, supplementing 1.0% to 1.2%, reducing blood plasma supplementation by 0.7% to 0.9%, respectively, increased potential pathogenic microbiota associated in the jejunal mucosa resulting in increased immune response, enterocyte proliferation, and PC concentration. However, supplementing diets with 2.1% CGCM, replacing 1.5% blood plasma, improved growth performance, and reduced MDA without affecting nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology, and microbiota in the jejunal mucosa. In this study, based on the polynomial contrast, supplementing 1.0% to 1.2% CGCM suppressed the benefits from blood plasma, whereas supplementing 2.1% CGCM showed functional benefits of CGCM with similar effects from blood plasma supplementation., (© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society of Animal Science.)