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Presents a study on the use of high-calcium and low-calcium class C fly ashes from the Soma and Tuncbilek thermal power plants in Turkey for stabilization of an expansive soil. Meaning of expansive soil; Chemical composition of Soma and Tuncbilek fly ashes; Effect of stabilization on physical properties.

The article presents a commentary of the article "Liquefaction-Induced Lateral Spreading at Izmit Bay During the Kocaeli (Izmit)-Turkey Earthquake," by K. Onder Cetin, T. Leslie Youd, Raymond B. Seed, Jonathan D. Bray, Jonathan P. Stewart, H. Turan Durgunoglu, W. Lettis and M. Tolga Yilmaz. It aims to present another method in estimating the extent of liquefaction-induced lateral spread based on dimensional analysis. A model developed using a database for 129 cases from the 1964 Niigata earthquake, the 1983 Nibonkai-Chubu Japan earthquake and 111 from earthquakes in the U.S. is presented.

This study aims to present an integrated method in a probabilistic manner for seismic performance assessment of Turkish residential buildings, which can be used as a tool to estimate earthquake losses due to structural damage. In particular, the objective is to determine the performances of different types of residential buildings for predicting the potential seismic loss in terms of casualties (death toll) for a highly populated city in northwestern Turkey. The main phases of this study are seismic hazard, building performance in terms of fragility functions, and loss in terms of damage states of buildings and total number of casualties. To quantify the regional hazard, a probabilistic seismic hazard assessment approach is adopted. For different types of building structures, probabilities of satisfying predefined performance levels for a given hazard level are determined using appropriate fragility curve sets produced by using local characteristics. The results are expressed as expected losses in 50 years in terms of number of casualties obtained as a function of the estimated performance of building types under concern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]