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Background: Loin pain hematuria syndrome (LPHS) is a rare syndrome presenting with chronic unilateral or bilateral flank pain and gross or microscopic hematuria. Case Report: We present a case of LPHS in a male with past medical history of atrial fibrillation, Barrett’s esophagus, and loin pain hematuria syndrome who initially presented to our medical facility with gross hematuria, intractable left flank pain, and non-bloody emesis. Our case exemplifies the challenge in managing patients with LPHS. Conclusion: Without a definitive mechanism for LPHS, current treatment focuses on symptom management. Analgesics (non-opioid and opioid) may be used orally or intravenous depending on the presence of concomitant nausea and vomiting. For patients at risk of opioid dependence, targeting afferent pain fibers originating from the kidneys and ureters has proven a successful analgesic strategy. Surgical options for renal denervation include: endovascular radiofrequency ablation, laparoscopic renal denervation, and renal auto transplant. Treatment options for this disease process include intra-ureteric bupivacaine, renal denervation, and possible spinal cord stimulation. Key words: Flank pain, loin pain hematuria syndrome, renal denervation, spinal cord stimulation

Background: Inguinal hernia repair is a commonly performed surgical procedure. Surgical repair is a widely accepted treatment option as a corrective measure for inguinal hernias, but it is not without its potential for complications, including chronic postinguinal herniorrhaphy pain. Neuropathic pain, which is the result of nerve damage during inguinal herniorrhaphy, can be caused by compression, irritation, or entrapment by sutures, staples, mesh, tacks, or prosthetic material. It can also occur secondary to periosteal reactions or by actual nerve injuries, such as neurapraxia, axonotmesis, neurotmesis, or complete transection, which can cause end neuroma formation and pain. Nociceptive pain, however, can occur as a result of inflammatory changes at the surgical site leading to chronic pain. Foreign bodies, such as mesh, sutures, and staples, are all possible triggers for the inflammatory reaction. Case Report: Ultrasound (US) is a noninvasive and affordable diagnostic tool that showed benefit in identifying dystrophic calcification as a potential cause for postinguinal herniorrhaphy chronic pain. It is also used to successfully guide the administration of local pharmacologic agents to control this pain. Use of US in this case allowed us to detect the densely calcified part of the abdominal wall muscles as a hyperechoic area at the surgical bed. The ability of US to detect calcification is not limited to macroscopic calcification only. It was also found to be useful in early detection of microscopic calcification in certain musculoskeletal conditions. Conclusion: We suggest that US should be considered routinely in the evaluation of cases of postinguinal herniorrhaphy chronic pain. Key words: Postherniorrhaphy pain, neuropathic pain, muscle calcification, radiofrequency ablation, ultrasound