1. Analysis of the Molecular Dialogue Between Gray Mold (Botrytis cinerea) and Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) Reveals a Clear Shift in Defense Mechanisms During Berry Ripening.
- Author
-
Kelloniemi J, Trouvelot S, Héloir MC, Simon A, Dalmais B, Frettinger P, Cimerman A, Fermaud M, Roudet J, Baulande S, Bruel C, Choquer M, Couvelard L, Duthieuw M, Ferrarini A, Flors V, Le Pêcheur P, Loisel E, Morgant G, Poussereau N, Pradier JM, Rascle C, Trdá L, Poinssot B, and Viaud M
- Subjects
- Botrytis pathogenicity, Cell Wall genetics, Cell Wall metabolism, Cell Wall microbiology, Cyclopentanes metabolism, Fruit growth & development, Fruit microbiology, Gene Expression Profiling methods, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Gene Ontology, Host-Pathogen Interactions genetics, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Oxylipins metabolism, Plant Diseases microbiology, Reactive Oxygen Species metabolism, Resveratrol, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Salicylates metabolism, Sesquiterpenes metabolism, Stilbenes metabolism, Virulence genetics, Vitis growth & development, Vitis microbiology, Phytoalexins, Botrytis genetics, Disease Resistance genetics, Fruit genetics, Plant Diseases genetics, Vitis genetics
- Abstract
Mature grapevine berries at the harvesting stage (MB) are very susceptible to the gray mold fungus Botrytis cinerea, while veraison berries (VB) are not. We conducted simultaneous microscopic and transcriptomic analyses of the pathogen and the host to investigate the infection process developed by B. cinerea on MB versus VB, and the plant defense mechanisms deployed to stop the fungus spreading. On the pathogen side, our genome-wide transcriptomic data revealed that B. cinerea genes upregulated during infection of MB are enriched in functional categories related to necrotrophy, such as degradation of the plant cell wall, proteolysis, membrane transport, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and detoxification. Quantitative-polymerase chain reaction on a set of representative genes related to virulence and microscopic observations further demonstrated that the infection is also initiated on VB but is stopped at the penetration stage. On the plant side, genome-wide transcriptomic analysis and metabolic data revealed a defense pathway switch during berry ripening. In response to B. cinerea inoculation, VB activated a burst of ROS, the salicylate-dependent defense pathway, the synthesis of the resveratrol phytoalexin, and cell-wall strengthening. On the contrary, in infected MB, the jasmonate-dependent pathway was activated, which did not stop the fungal necrotrophic process.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF