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The effects of high temperature on the mechanical properties of 100N/mm2 high strength concrete have been studied experimentally at various temperatures ranging from room temperature to 700°C. Test results indicated that transient strain accounts for a big rate to total strain, and the effect of transient strain of high strength concrete is bigger than that of moderate strength concrete. We tried to formulate transient strain on the basis of Anderberg's model and obtained transient strain coefficient k2=5.56. Displacement constraint condition tests at elevated temperature were carried out and the constitutive model of high strength concrete was verified by thermal stress analysis. The results indicated that taking into account transient strain improved the analytical estimation of the variation in thermal stress of high strength concrete exposed to fire.