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Nekoliko kamenih i koštanih predmeta iz Belice (lokaliteti Pojate-Pojilo i Livade) i Lozovika (lokalitet Repuška), kod Jagodine, bili su tokom 2004. i 2010. godine podvrgnuti mikroskopskom ispitivanju. Tragovi obrade konstatovani na njima ukazuju na upotrebu brusnog alata sa velikim brojem obrtaja u njihovoj izradi. U radu je dat kritički osvrt na uslove nalaza predmeta sa lokaliteta Pojate-Pojilo u Belici, kao i na sam način izrade objekata 'neolitske umetničke plastike' iz okoline Jagodine. Arheološka istraživanja koja su na neolitskom lokalitetu u Belici izvedena avgusta 2003. godine nisu dala nijedan nalaz takve vrste. Na osnovu svega je zaključeno da pomenuti predmeti ne mogu biti ni neolitske niti praistorijske provenijencije., The objects of 'Neolithic plastic art' from Belica, made from baked clay, stone and bone, have been arriving at the Regional Museum in Jagodina since 1991. These are accidental finds which never caught the attention of experts, even though one of them, a figurine from black rock which arrived at the museum in 1992, has been a part of a permanent exhibition. Almost two decades after its arrival at the museum, the archaeologist Dr Milorad Stojić would place it among the most substantial finds of Neolithic figural plastic, identifying it as the Proto-Starčevo culture, dated to 6000 years BC and named it the 'Great Mother', linking her to the Neolithic cult of fertility (Stojić 2011, 344) Asignificantly greater number of objects from Belica since 2001, first as accidental finds by Života Milanović, an associate of the Regional Museum in Jagodina, arrived to Dr Milorad Stojić who undertook a one-day protective intervention at the site of Pojate-Pojilo in Belica village, the exact area from which previously collected finds originated. Ashort excavation, which was 'less than two full hours of work' (according to the Report of the excavation), was carried out in January 2002. On that occasion a pit, which was only 10 cm deep and located on the surface of the village dirt road, was investigated (fig. 1). The excavation, together with the appropriate technical documentation, has not yet been published. The discovered pit was located in the middle of the dirt road which was used by agricultural machinery and which had, on several occasions prior to the exploration in 2002, been repaired by heavy construction machinery. In the years following 2003, two more groups of finds of art objects from the Early Neolithic were discovered in Belica and Lozovik (Stojić 2008, 73). In the Livade site in Belica, which is 500 m from the site of Pojate-Pojilo, four objects made of stone were found. In Lozovik, in the Repuška site, three figurines made of deer bone were discovered. In both sites

Stone artifacts from excavations in Crkvine in 2008. originate from two stratigraphic units, both chronologically defined as the final stage of the Vinča culture: 1. distruction layer above and 2. from the floor of House 1/2008. None of the stone artifact types showed any specific regularity in vertical distribution. However, in the southern part of the Structure/House 1 there is higher abundance in horizontal distribution of both types of tools. Abundance of cores, blades for rejuvenation of the cores and unretouched blades among the chipped artifacts suggest that, most probably, this object was a working place where the artifacts were made (Fig. 9/1). Ground stone artifacts - all rought-out and final products, whole and fragmented pieces, ground-edge and abrasive tools, are equally distributed in the House 1/2008 as well as in the distruction layer above it. Only non-determined fragments and pieces of raw material, both defined as products of making stone tools, are far more numerous in the distruction layer above the House 1/2008. Higher concentrations of finds are situated in the House 1/2008, especially in its southern part, on the floor and above it, while the number of finds out of the House significantly decreases (Fig. 9/2). Such distribution of ground stone artifacts indicates that the production of stone artifacts was done within the household (large number of flakes of „light white stone“, presence of grindstone and whetstone), as well as that there occurred active preparation of food within the Vinča’s objects (querns and pounders within the houses). Findings of numerous quartzite, chert and jasper pebbles out of the House 1/2008, 2 metres away from the northeastern angle of the House (pottery group 1), could not be connected with production of chipped and ground stone artifacts. There are no any traces of treatment and utilization on the pebbles, and the pebbles themselves do not belong to raw material of good quality due to small dimensions and numero

Pitanje porekla sirovina i puteva kojima su se one kretale verovatno predstavlja jedno od najinteresantnijih proučavanja u oblasti praistorije. Kamene sirovine u najvećoj meri mogu da na opipljiv način pokažu konkretne dodire između udaljenih oblasti. Naša teritorija i praistorijske kulture na njoj, pre svega one neolitske i eneolitske, još uvek nisu istražene u toj meri da bi moglo da se govori o cirkulaciji sirovina u okviru samih kultura. Proučavanje mlađe faze vinčanske kulture, koja je u tehnološkom smislu više eneolitska nego neolitska pojava, predstavlja u poslednje vreme težište u izučavanju vinčanske kamene proizvodnje. Značajno je da se ispita kako se dekadencija jedne kulture odražava na iskorišćenost sirovina u takvim uslovima: da li smanjenje teritorije utiče na smanjenje kvaliteta kamenih sirovina zbog manje dostupnosti ležišta kvalitetnijeg kamena i da li se u većoj meri koriste manje kvalitetne "imitacije" kamena upotrebljavanog u starijim fazama vinčanske kulture. Na ova pitanja pokušano je da se odgovori upoređivanjem kamenih industrija sa dva lokaliteta, iz Vinče i Belovoda, sa kojih se kameni materijal ispituje petrografskim analizama. Glavni razlog analiziranja rezultata sa ova dva lokaliteta predstavlja specifičnost u razvoju njihovih industrija glačanog kamena. U Vinči, u mlađim slojevima registruje se svojevrsna devalvacija u izboru kamenih sirovina kao posledica teritorijalnog sužavanja same vinčanske kulture u njenim kasnim fazama. Sa tim je povezano i opadanje u kvalitetu obrade kamena koje počinje od gradačke faze i u kasno-vinčanskim slojevima postaje veoma upadljivo. Obe pojave iz mlađih slojeva Vinče mogu da se povežu i sa ulaženjem metalurgije u svakodnevni život vinčanske populacije. Iz tog razloga napravljena je paralela sa lokalitetom Belovode koje traje samo tokom starije faze vinčanske kulture i nesumnjivo je metalurško naselje. Nemarnost u obradi kamena ovde se prati već od rane vinčanske kulture, a izbor sirovina ukazuje na lok, This paper shows the results of petrographic analyses of raw materials used for making the ground stone industry implements in two Vinča culture sites Vinča and Belovode. The assemblages from the aforementioned sites feature a number of specific characteristics. In Vinča, in late strata, a kind of devaluation in the selection of stone raw materials is registered, which is closely related to the decline in quality of stone processing and may be a consequence of territorial narrowing of the Vinča culture per se in its later phases, and of introduction of metallurgy in everyday life. For this reason an analogy with the Belovode site was made, which subsists only throughout the early phase of the Vinča culture and is doubtlessly a metallurgic settlement. Petrographic analyses of the raw materials from which ground stone tools used to be made at the Vinča and Belovode sites are only a part of the commenced petro-archaeological research. They imply that further investigations should focuses on field work, principally in the vicinity of the sites themselves. Primarily by petrographic, and, as applicable, by other analyses of samples brought from the field work, and by comparison of the tools, it could be possible to define more precisely the territory from which the raw materials originated.

Poslednjih godina sve su učestaliji nalazi koji neumitno i sigurno potvrđuju metalurški aspekt Vinčanske kulture od samih njenih početaka. Pored već dobro poznatog otkrića Vinčanskog rudnika bakra na Rudnoj Glavi, tu su i nova otkrića na Belovodama i Pločniku koja su upoznavanje sa metalom pomerila skoro do samog početka Vinčanske kulture. Teza o metalurškom karakteru Vinčanske kulture stara je bezmalo ceo vek, a postavio je prvi i najveći istraživač Vinče Miloje M. Vasić. On je Vinču smatrao pre svega centrom za preradu žive i olova, a zbog pogrešnog datovanja Vinče u pozno minojski period prerada bakra je za njega predstavljala potpuno očekivanu delatnost kojoj nije posvetio redove u svojoj monografiji. Nasuprot publikovanim radovima Vasić u svojim dnevnicima veoma uredno notira svaki nalaz malahita odnosno oksidiranog metala, dajući tačne podatke u kom su broju nađeni, često navodi njihove dimenzije, a ponekad i tačno mesto nalaza ako su nađeni na podovima kuća ili u jamama (tabela 1–3). Otkrićem rudnika bakra na Rudnoj Glavi i nakon istraživanja na Divostinu, Selevcu, Pločniku i Belovodama poslednjih godina, teza da je Vinča bila jedan od metalurških centara Vinčanske kulture ponovo postaje aktuelna. Međutim, sada se akcenat stavlja na preradu bakra. Direktan povod za razmatranje mogućnosti prerade bakra u Vinči bio je veliki broj grumenova i ukrasnih predmeta od malahita prikupljenih tokom Vasićevih iskopavanja Vinče, a koji se danas čuvaju u Narodnom muzeju i u Arheološkoj zbirci Filozofskog fakulteta u Beogradu. U materijalu preovlađuju amorfni grumenovi malahita, ali je zabeležen i izvestan broj predmeta od ovog minerala (sl. 1: a–i). Nalazi podjednako potiču iz starije i iz mlađe Vinčanskih slojeva (tabela 3). Malahit je nalažen u svim slojevima Vinče i kako se čini na osnovu opisa u dnevnicima sa iskopavanja, izgleda da je bio ravnomerno zastupljen na svim dubinama (grafikon 1–2). Predmeti od malahita do sada su nađeni, osim u Vinči, još i na Selevcu, Divo, Abundant hand written documentation from excavations of Vinča (1908–1934) offers sufficient evidence that confirms the thesis established by investigator of Vinča M. M. Vasić himself that Vinča was metallurgical center. After comparing these data with the finds related to early copper processing on other sites of the central Balkans (Belovode, Pločnik, Gornja Tuzla, Fafos, Selevac) it could be assumed that Vinča culture was acquainted with metallurgy from its very outset. This assumption is supported by similar finds from other sides of the world (Tymna, Chinflon, Batán Grande) and even more so the results of experimental copper processing.